Table 3.
Effect estimates by sex and specific age groups for the association between transportation noise source and diabetes mortality. Full cohort including 4,136,220 adults over 30 years, followed from 2001 to 2015. Multipollutant models, adjusting for the other two noise sources plus NO2. HR and 95% confidence intervals (CI) per 10 dB increase in Lden noise source
| Outcomea | N deaths / Source | Sexb | Agec | |||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Male | Female | p-interaction | 30–64 | 65–79 | 80+ | p-trend | ||
| N deaths | 37,842 | 34,500 | 15,982 | 39,997 | 16,363 | |||
|
Main: nonT1-DM |
Road traffic | 1.07 (1.05, 1.08) | 1.05 (1.03, 1.06) | < 0.0001 | 1.12 (1.09, 1.14) | 1.05 (1.04, 1.07) | 1.02 (1.00, 1.04) | < 0.0001 |
| Railway | 1.03 (1.02, 1.04) | 1.01 (1.00, 1.02) | < 0.0001 | 1.03 (1.01, 1.04) | 1.03 (1.02, 1.04) | 1.00 (0.99, 1.02) | < 0.0001 | |
| Aircraft | 1 (0.98, 1.01) | 1.02 (1.00, 1.04) | 0.0609 | 1.00 (0.97, 1.03) | 1.01 (0.99, 1.03) | 1.01 (0.99, 1.04) | 0.4445 | |
| N deaths | 38,453 | 34,935 | 16,536 | 40,356 | 16,496 | |||
|
Secondary 1: DM |
Road traffic | 1.07 (1.05, 1.08) | 1.05 (1.03, 1.06) | < 0.0001 | 1.12 (1.09, 1.14) | 1.05 (1.04, 1.07) | 1.02 (1.00, 1.04) | < 0.0001 |
| Railway | 1.03 (1.02, 1.04) | 1.01 (1.00, 1.02) | < 0.0001 | 1.03 (1.01, 1.04) | 1.03 (1.02, 1.04) | 1.00 (0.99, 1.02) | < 0.0001 | |
| Aircraft | 1.00 (0.98, 1.01) | 1.02 (1.00, 1.04) | 0.0670 | 1.00 (0.97, 1.02) | 1.01 (0.99, 1.03) | 1.01 (0.98, 1.04) | 0.4269 | |
| N deaths | 611 | 435 | 554 | 359 | 133 | |||
|
Secondary 2: T1-DM |
Road traffic | 1.07 (0.96, 1.19) | 1.12 (0.99, 1.27) | 0.0300 | 1.09 (0.98, 1.22) | 1.10 (0.95, 1.26) | 1.08 (0.86, 1.36) | 0.1000 |
| Railway | 1.04 (0.97, 1.12) | 0.98 (0.90, 1.08) | 0.2700 | 1.03 (0.95, 1.11) | 0.99 (0.89, 1.10) | 1.01 (0.86, 1.18) | 0.7400 | |
| Aircraft | 0.91 (0.79, 1.04) | 0.95 (0.80, 1.12) | 0.1228 | 0.84 (0.72, 0.98) | 1.10 (0.93, 1.30) | 0.81 (0.58, 1.12) | 0.0156 | |
Notes:
aOutcome definition: nonT1-DM (ICD-10: E11-E14); DM (IDC-10: E10-E14, includes type 1 diabetes); T1-DM (ICD-10: E10, type 1 diabetes)
bSex groups included all adults over 30 years old
cAge groups included both sexes
Model 3 included noise exposure (road traffic, railway and aircraft noise; Lden), strata sex* and period (i.e. 2001–2005, 2006–2010, or 2011–2015), plus the individual-level covariates civil status, education level, mother tongue, nationality and quartiles of local-SEP, community and regional SEP score and unemployment, NO2 exposure. *only in models including all ages