Figure - PMC

Skip to main content

An official website of the United States government

Here's how you know

Here's how you know

Official websites use .gov
A .gov website belongs to an official government organization in the United States.

Secure .gov websites use HTTPS
A lock ( ) or https:// means you've safely connected to the .gov website. Share sensitive information only on official, secure websites.

View full-text article in PMC

. 2024 May 3;15:3738. doi: 10.1038/s41467-024-47450-x

Search in PMC
Search in PubMed
View in NLM Catalog
Add to search

© The Author(s) 2024

Open Access This article is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License, which permits use, sharing, adaptation, distribution and reproduction in any medium or format, as long as you give appropriate credit to the original author(s) and the source, provide a link to the Creative Commons licence, and indicate if changes were made. The images or other third party material in this article are included in the article’s Creative Commons licence, unless indicated otherwise in a credit line to the material. If material is not included in the article’s Creative Commons licence and your intended use is not permitted by statutory regulation or exceeds the permitted use, you will need to obtain permission directly from the copyright holder. To view a copy of this licence, visit http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/.

PMC Copyright notice

Fig. 3 — a Type 2 cytokine gene expression (Ccl11 C-C motif chemokine 11, Ccl24 C-C motif chemokine 24, Il4 interleukin 4, Il5 interleukin 5, Il13 interleukin 13) normalized to Gapdh expression at 2- and 5 days post-infection (DPI) with Rs-SHC014-CoV in mice vaccinated with inactivated influenza virus adjuvanted with aluminum hydroxide (iFLU + Alum), inactivated SARS-CoV-2 adjuvanted with aluminum hydroxide (iCoV2 + Alum), or inactivated SARS-CoV-2 adjuvanted with Sigma Adjuvant System adjuvant (iCoV2 + RIBI); Ccl11, Ccl24 2 DPI – iFLU + Alum (n = 12), iCoV2 + Alum (n = 12), iCoV2 + RIBI (n = 6); Ccl11, Ccl24 5 DPI – iFLU + Alum (n = 14), iCoV2 + Alum (n = 13), iCoV2 + RIBI (n = 9). Il4, Il5, Il13 2 DPI – iFLU + Alum (n = 12), iCoV2 + Alum (n = 12), iCoV2 + RIBI (n = 6); Il4, Il5, Il13 5 DPI – iFLU + Alum (n = 13), iCoV2 + Alum (n = 13), iCoV2 + RIBI (n = 9); individual data points represent independent biological replicates; results presented from one animal experiment and analyzed by Kruskal–Wallis test with Dunn’s multiple comparisons correction; solid horizontal lines and error bars overlaying data represent group means ± standard deviation; solid horizontal lines above data represent pairwise comparisons with p values. b, c Volcano plots showing differential expression by RNA-Seq between iCoV2 + Alum relative to iCoV2 + RIBI at 2 DPI (b) and 5 DPI (c) following infection with Rs-SHC014-CoV. Fold change (FC) is shown along the X-axis (with 1.5 log₂ FC thresholds represented by vertical dashed lines) and significance along the Y-axis (with false discovery rate-adjusted q < 0.05 thresholds represented by horizontal dashed lines). Key genes are highlighted in the upper right (iCoV2 + Alum expression > iCoV2 + RIBI) and upper left (iCoV2 + Alum expression < iCoV2 + RIBI) quadrants. 2 DPI (n = 12) and 5 DPI (n = 9) for iCoV2 + Alum, and 2 DPI (n = 6) and 5 DPI (n = 5) for iCoV2 + RIBI; results presented from one animal experiment and analysis described in detail in RNA Sequencing (RNA-Seq) in Methods. Source data are provided as a Source Data file. RNA Sequencing raw .fastq data files are submitted to the Sequence Read Archive (SRA) database under BioProject ID PRJNA1022427.