. 2024 May 3;14:10162. doi: 10.1038/s41598-024-60833-w

Table 4.

Univariate and multivariate analyses with the Cox regression hazard model for survival.

		Univariate (n = 708)				Univariate (N = 397)				Multivariate
		N	HR	95% CI	P value	N	HR	95% CI	P value	HR	95% CI	P value
Sex	Female	63	Ref			39	Ref			Ref
Sex	Male	645	1.363	1.01–1.839	0.0427	358	1.213	0.83–1.772	0.3189	1.322	0.898–1.945	0.1569
Age	< 70	299	Ref			171	Ref			Ref
Age	≧ 70	409	1.057	0.892–1.254	0.5217	226	0.941	0.745–1.19	0.6131	0.937	0.739–1.189	0.5919
PS	0	226	Ref			133	Ref
	1	378	1.546	1.273–1.876	< 0.0001	212	2.203	1.674–2.899	< 0.0001	2.222	1.682–2.936	< 0.0001
	≧ 2	104	3.331	2.548–4.355	< 0.0001	52	4.142	2.822–6.08	< 0.0001	4.006	2.627–6.108	< 0.0001
Smoking index	< 50	345	Ref
Smoking index	≧ 50	352	1.039	0.876–1.233	0.6581
Clinical diagnosis of IIPs	Not-IPF	294	Ref
Clinical diagnosis of IIPs	IPF	406	1.155	0.972–1.373	0.1022
HRCT pattern	Inconsistent with the UIP pattern	190	Ref
	UIP pattern	243	0.884	0.712–1.098	0.265
	Possible UIP pattern	275	1.095	0.888–1.349	0.3973
History of AE	Presence	11	Ref
History of AE	Absence	689	1.45	0.775–2.714	0.2445
Emphysema	Absence	381	Ref
Emphysema	Presence	326	1.109	0.936–1.315	0.2317
KL-6	< 500	184	Ref			138	Ref			Ref
	≧500, < 1000	221	1.305	1.04–1.638	0.0216	148	1.312	0.997–1.726	0.0522	1.161	0.871–1.547	0.308
	≧1000, < 2000	124	1.441	1.105–1.879	0.007	87	1.425	1.035–1.96	0.0298	1.323	0.952–1.841	0.0959
	≧2000	35	1.295	0.85–1.974	0.2292	24	1.367	0.804–2.323	0.2484	1.379	0.804–2.363	0.2428
SP-D	< 110	203	Ref
	≧ 110, < 150	71	0.848	0.627–1.149	0.2882
	≧ 150, < 250	80	1.128	0.835–1.524	0.433
	≧ 250	52	0.862	0.604–1.231	0.4147
%FVC	≧ 80	296	Ref
	≧ 50, < 80	137	1.219	0.959–1.549	0.1053
	< 50	8	1.64	0.674–3.99	0.2759
%DLco	≧ 80	55	Ref
%DLco	< 80	183	1.172	0.826–1.664	0.3726
Desaturation on exertion	Absence	418	Ref			330	Ref			Ref
Desaturation on exertion	Presence	80	1.57	1.177–2.096	0.0022	67	1.663	1.209–2.288	0.0018	0.858	0.654–1.125	0.2681
Treatment for IIPs	No	678	Ref
Treatment for IIPs	Yes	30	1.11	0.724–1.702	0.6309
Histology of lung cancer	SCLC	216	Ref			109	Ref			Ref
Histology of lung cancer	NSCLC	492	1.01	0.839–1.217	0.9134	288	0.962	0.738–1.254	0.7729	1.094	0.767–1.561	0.6191

AE acute exacerbation, CI confidence interval, %Dlco predicted diffusing capacity of the lung for monoxide, %FVC predicted forced vital capacity, HRCT high-resolution computed tomography, Hx histology, IP interstitial pneumonia, KL-6 Krebs von den Lungen-6, NS not significant, NSCLC non-small cell lung cancer, OR odds ratio, PaO2 partial arterial pressure of oxygen, PS performance status, ref reference, SCLC small cell lung cancer, SP-D surfactant protein-D, UIP usual interstitial pneumonia.