Table 1.
Clinical characteristics and outcomes of patients with antineutrophil cytoplasmic antibodies (ANCA)-associated vasculitis (AAV) with glomerulonephritis (AAV-GN) and eGFR <15 ml/min per 1.73 m2 at diagnosis according to renal recovery status to eGFR >15 within 12 months (n = 145)
| Clinical characteristics and outcomes | No renal recovery n = 64 (44.1%) | Renal recovery n = 81 (55.9%) | P-value |
|---|---|---|---|
| Age at diagnosis, median (IQR), yr | 65 (53.9–73.3) | 68 (60.8–74.9) | 0.138 |
| Male, n (%) | 32 (50.0) | 41 (50.6) | 0.941 |
| AAV, n (%) | 0.460 | ||
| MPA | 41 (64.1) | 47 (58.0) | |
| GPA | 41 (35.9) | 34 (42.0) | |
| ANCA specificity (ELISA), n (%) | 0.387 | ||
| MPO | 44 (68.8) | 51 (63.0) | |
| PR3 | 20 (31.3) | 30 (37.0) | |
| BVAS/WG at diagnosis, median (IQR) | 7 (7–9) | 7 (7–10) | 0.475 |
| Alveolar hemorrhage BVAS/WG at diagnosis, n (%) | 15 (23.4) | 15 (18.5) | 0.468 |
| Cardiovascular risk factors, n (%) | |||
| Arterial hypertension | 52 (81.3) | 64 (79.0) | 0.738 |
| Diabetes mellitus | 16 (25.0) | 18 (22.2) | 0.695 |
| Dyslipidemia | 27 (42.2) | 39 (48.1) | 0.474 |
| BMI > 30 kg/m2 | 20 (31.6) | 24 (29.6) | 0.710 |
| Laboratory findings | |||
| Hemoglobin, mean (SD), g/dl | 9.1 (1.95) | 9.6 (1.40) | 0.126 |
| ESR, median (IQR), mm/1sth | 60 (29–86) | 86 (49–98) | 0.015 a |
| SCr at diagnosis, median (IQR), mg/dl | 5.1 (35–7.3) | 4.4 (3.3–5.3) | 0.020 a |
| eGFR at diagnosis of renal involvement, mean (SD), ml/min per 1.73 m2 | 9.1 (6.29–14.58) | 11.9 (8.25–14.61) | 0.050 |
| MCCS, n (%) | |||
| Minimal | 10 (15.6) | 16 (19.8) | 0.520 |
| Mild | 15 (23.4) | 36 (44.4) | 0.009a |
| Moderate | 24 (37.5) | 18 (22.2) | 0.044 a |
| Severe | 15 (23.4) | 11 (13.6) | 0.124 |
| MCCS, median (IQR), points | 6 (3.0–7.0) | 4 (2.0–6.0) | 0.006 a |
| Intervention | |||
| Remission-induction treatment, n (%) | 0.683 | ||
| Cyclophosphamide | 45 (57.4) | 39 (50.6) | |
| Rituximab | 24 (39.3) | 34 (44.2) | |
| Remission-induction adjuvant therapies, n (%) | |||
| Plasma exchange therapy | 18 (28.1) | 26 (32.1) | 0.605 |
| i.v. methylprednisolone at induction remission | 48 (75.0) | 63 (77.8) | 0.695 |
| Outcomes, n (%) | |||
| Relapse | 9 (14.1%) | 28 (34.6) | 0.005 a |
| ESKD | |||
| 12 mo | 50 (78.1) | 0 (0.0) | - |
| Death | 25 (39.1) | 17 (21.0) | 0.017 a |
| Infection | 30 (46.9) | 28 (34.6) | 0.125 |
| Time of FU after renal involvement, median (IQR), mo | 51 (21.0–85.5) | 56 (29.5–92.5) | 0.300 |
AAV, ANCA-associated vasculitis; ANCA, antineutrophil cytoplasmic antibodies; BMI, body mass index; BVAS/WG, Birmingham Vasculitis Activity Score for Wegener's Granulomatosis; eGFR, estimated glomerular filtration rate; ELISA, enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay; ESKD, end-stage kidney disease; ESR, erythrocyte sedimentation rate; FU, follow-up; GPA, granulomatosis with polyangiitis; IQR, interquartile range; MCCS, Mayo Clinic Chronicity score; MPA, microscopic polyangiitis; MPO, myeloperoxidase; PLEX, plasma exchange; PR3, proteinase 3; SCr, serum creatinine.
P ≤ 0.05, indicate statistical significance.