Table 1.
Baseline clinical characteristics with and without incident coronary artery disease during follow-up
| Missing N | No incident CAD N = 2978 |
Incident CAD N = 539 |
p-value | |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Men, % | – | 48.46 | 51.39 | 0.227 |
| Age, years | – | 35.21 (10.89) | 44.57 (10.79) | < 0.001 |
| Diabetes duration, years | – | 19.00 (11.16) | 29.13 (10.97) | < 0.001 |
| Onset age, years | – | 16.20 (9.33) | 15.43 (8.93) | 0.076 |
| Onset before 10 years of age, % | – | 28.48 | 31.54 | 0.164 |
| Onset before 5 years of age, % | – | 9.70 | 11.50 | 0.229 |
| HbA1c, % | – | 8.33 (1.45) | 8.80 (1.41) | < 0.001 |
| HbA1c, mmol/mol | – | 67.55 (15.88) | 72.65 (15.4) | < 0.001 |
| HbA1c below 7%, % | – | 15.55 | 6.31 | < 0.001 |
| Insulin dose, IU/kg | – | 0.69 (0.55, 0.85) | 0.65 (0.52, 0.78) | < 0.001 |
| Insulin pump use, % | 1 | 6.28 | 3.53 | 0.016 |
| Systolic BP, mmHg | – | 130 (16) | 140 (18) | < 0.001 |
| Diastolic BP, mmHg | – | 79 (9) | 80 (10) | 0.001 |
| Pulse pressure, mmHg | – | 51 (14) | 60 (17) | < 0.001 |
| Antihypertensive medication, % | 5 | 26.45 | 57.36 | < 0.001 |
| BMI, kg/m2 | – | 25.09 (3.62) | 25.79 (3.56) | < 0.001 |
| Waist-height ratio | – | 0.50 (0.06) | 0.52 (0.06) | < 0.001 |
| Waist-hip ratio | – | 0.86 (0.08) | 0.88 (0.09) | < 0.001 |
| Waist circumference, cm | – | 84.87 (10.97) | 88.09 (11.87) | < 0.001 |
| Total cholesterol, mmol/L | – | 4.82 (0.91) | 5.29 (1.00) | < 0.001 |
| LDL cholesterol, mmol/L | 38 | 2.90 (0.83) | 3.35 (0.87) | < 0.001 |
| HDL cholesterol, mmol/L | – | 1.39 (0.39) | 1.29 (0.39) | < 0.001 |
| Non-HDL cholesterol, mmol/L | – | 3.43 (0.95) | 4.00 (1.06) | < 0.001 |
| Triglycerides, mmol/L | – | 0.96 (0.73, 1.36) | 1.12 (0.85, 1.61) | < 0.001 |
| Lipid-lowering medication, % | 6 | 6.86 | 18.55 | < 0.001 |
| Metabolic syndrome, % | 7 | 34.29 | 57.06 | < 0.001 |
| History of smoking, % | 131 | 42.98 | 51.46 | < 0.001 |
| KDIGO | ||||
| Low, % | – | 76.19 | 45.27 | < 0.001 |
| Moderate, % | – | 13.87 | 19.11 | 0.002 |
| High, % | – | 5.47 | 16.33 | < 0.001 |
| very high, % | – | 4.47 | 19.29 | < 0.001 |
| eGDR | ||||
| Williams, mg/kg/min | – | 7.43 (2.24) | 5.78 (2.42) | < 0.001 |
| Duca, mg/kg/min | – | 3.8 (1.46) | 3.53 (1.43) | < 0.001 |
| Januszewski, mg/kg/min | – | 6.55 (3.75, 9.17) | 4.09 (0.12, 7.15) | < 0.001 |
Data are mean (SD), median (IQR), or percentages. BP: blood pressure; KDIGO: Kidney Disease Improving Global Outcomes risk categories; eGDR: estimated glucose disposal rate