Table 1.

Factors associated with hospitalizations for heart failure within the first 30 days post acute exacerbation of COPD

eGFR Estimated glomerular filtration rate, uAlb Urine albumin, CVD Cardiovascular disease, ICS Inhaled corticosteroid, LABA Long-acting beta agonist, LAMA Long-acting muscarinic antagonist, SABA Short-acting beta agonist, SAMA Short-acting muscarinic antagonist, CCB Calcium channel blocker. n(%) described for the COPD and CV prescription categories may be mutually exclusive, as they can be taken in combination elsewhere in the table (e.g., patient prescribed a long-acting inhaler, short-acting inhaler, oral therapy, and a cardiovascular medication)

^aThe final model was adjusted for socioeconomic status (IMD), smoking status, and comorbidities: BMI, Type II diabetes, depression and depressive symptoms, exacerbation severity, exacerbation frequency and prior prevalent CVD (hypertension, acute coronary syndrome, arrhythmia, heart failure, pulmonary hypertension, ischemic stroke), and COPD medications (short-acting and long-acting COPD inhaled therapies) and major classes of CVD medications according to the British National Formulary (BNF)