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. Author manuscript; available in PMC: 2025 Jun 1.
Published in final edited form as: Sci Total Environ. 2024 Mar 26;927:171975. doi: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2024.171975

Table 2:

Difference (95% confidence interval) in age at death (years) per standard deviation higher Pb exposure.

Childhood 95% CI Adulthood 95% CI Late Life 95% CI
n= 121 n= 123 n= 199
Base- Single −0.45 (−1.55, 0.64) −1.83 (−2.88, −0.77) −0.58 (−1.34, 0.17)
Adjusted- Single −0.41 (−1.24, 0.42) −1.27 (−2.48, −0.06) −0.91 (−1.67, −0.15)
n = 111 n = 111 n = 111
Base- Final −0.37 (−1.56, 0.83) −1.90 (−3.05, −0.75) −0.61 (−1.86, 0.64)
Adjusted- Final −0.48 (−1.35,0.38) −1.61 (−2.95, −0.27) −0.50 (−1.35, 0.35)
Multi Exposure NA NA −1.51 (−2.92, −0.11) −0.01 (−0.99, 0.96)

Base models are adjusted for year of birth and batch. Adjusted models are additionally adjusted for sex, self-identified race, and childhood SES, as well as educational attainment in the cementum and tibia models. The Multi Exposure model additionally adjusts for prior Pb exposure(s). Enamel Pb corresponds to childhood. Cementum Pb corresponds to adulthood. Tibia Pb corresponds to later life.