Table 2.

Association between sunlight exposure time and brain structural markers.

Brain structural markers	Sunlight exposure time
	Tertile 2#			Tertile 3#
	β	SE	P	β	SE	P
Global measures
Total brain volume	− 0.025	0.011	0.026	− 0.051	0.013	< 0.001
Volume of white matter	− 0.014	0.012	0.222	− 0.031	0.014	0.023
Volume of gray matter	− 0.035	0.011	0.002	− 0.067	0.014	< 0.001
Volume of white matter hyperintensities	0.013	0.013	0.314	0.059	0.016	< 0.001
Subcortical regions
Volume of thalamus	− 0.029	0.012	0.014	− 0.060	0.014	< 0.001
Volume of caudate	− 0.030	0.013	0.025	− 0.040	0.016	0.012
Volume of putamen	− 0.022	0.012	0.065	− 0.031	0.014	0.032
Volume of pallidum	− 0.027	0.013	0.044	− 0.026	0.016	0.106
Volume of hippocampus	− 0.010	0.013	0.450	− 0.046	0.016	0.003
Volume of amygdala	− 0.003	0.014	0.819	− 0.031	0.016	0.054
Volume of accumbens	− 0.004	0.013	0.748	− 0.041	0.015	0.006
Regional gray matter volumes
Volume of thalamus	− 0.007	0.014	0.613	− 0.022	0.016	0.179
Volume of caudate	− 0.010	0.014	0.461	0.009	0.016	0.566
Volume of putamen	− 0.052	0.014	0.000	− 0.060	0.017	< 0.001
Volume of pallidum	0.001	0.014	0.960	0.018	0.017	0.276
Volume of hippocampus	− 0.018	0.013	0.154	− 0.043	0.015	0.004
Volume of amygdala	− 0.038	0.012	0.002	− 0.070	0.015	< 0.001

^#The tertile 1 of sunlight exposure time serving as reference.