Table 2.
Major contributors playing a significant role in the regulatory framework concerning Arbuscular Mycorrhizal Fungi (AMF).
| India | Japan | Indonesia | Thailand | Philippine | The European Union | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Legal Terminology | Mycorrhizal Biofertilizer | Soil Conditioner | Biological fertilizers | Biological fertilizers | Microbial Inoculant | Microbial Plant Stimulant CMC-7 under PFC6(A) falling under PFC 6(A) |
| Ministry | Ministry of Agriculture and Farmers Welfare | The Ministry of Agriculture, Forestry and Fisheries (MAFF) | Ministry of Agriculture (MOA) | Department of Agriculture (DOA) | Bureau of Agriculture and Fisheries Standards (BAFS) | European Parliament and of the Council 1 |
| Order | Fertilizer (Inorganic, Organic or Mixed) (Control) Fifth Amendment Order, 2021 | The Soil Productivity Improvement Act | Law No. 22 of 2019 Regulation of the MOA No. January 2019 | Fertilizer Act B.E. 2550 (2007) | The PNS/BAFS 183:2020 | EU fertilizing product Regulation 2019/1009 |
| Year of enactment | July 2021 | 2019 | 2009 | 2020 | July 2022 | |
| Spore count | 10 viable spores per gram | 25 spores per gram | solid base inoculants- 10 spores per gram root inoculant-2300 Infective Propagules per gram by MPN | |||
| pH | 5.0–7.0 | 4.5–8.0 | In liquid form, pH suitable for both the microorganisms it contains and for plants | |||
| Inoculum Potential | 1200 Inoculum Potential (IP) per gram by MPN using 10-fold dilution | |||||
| Moisture content by weight | solid inoculants-<10 %, root inoculants- 15–20 % for | |||||
| Contamination/Pathogens | Nematode | Salmonella spp-Absence in 25 g or 25 ml Escherichia coli-Absence in 1 g or 1 ml Listeria monocytogenes-Absence in 25 g or 25 ml Vibrio spp-Absence in 25 g or 25 ml, Shigella spp-Absence in 25 g or 25 ml, Staphylococcus aureus-Absence in 25 g or 25 ml, Enterococcaceae-10 CFU/g, Anaerobic plate count-105 CFU/g or ml | ||||
| Heavy metals | Cadmium (Cd)-1,5 Hexavalent chromium (Cr VI)-2 Lead (Pb)-120 Mercury (Hg)-1 Nickel (Ni)-50 Inorganic arsenic (As)-40 Copper (Cu)-600 Zinc (Zn)-1500 |
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| Testing methodologies Provided | Yes | Different testing methodologies based on method pf production (in vivo or in vitro) and product type (spores only or with roots). Molecular characterization | ||||
| Acceptable Deviation from stated | <10 % | <15 % | ||||
| Product Registration | Manufacturers to provide chemistry details, bio-efficacy trial results, toxicity data, and heavy metal analysis. A regulatory body will oversee industry operations, ensuring quality control and safe substance usage. | Following the EU's Fertilizer Regulation amendment, a Japanese industry group has formed to engage with authorities, aiming to standardize biostimulants through enhanced communication efforts. | Testing conducted by an approved testing agency for: a. Quality assurance (based on minimum technical requirements from the relevant MOA decree in 2019) b. Confirming effectiveness. Certificates and testing reports for quality or effectiveness are valid for 12 months, and their submission is a requirement for registration. Registrations: Application to include a detailed description of the fertilizer, proposed labelling in Indonesian, authorized mark certificate, effectiveness test report, quality certificate or testing report, and a stamped statement confirming document completeness and accuracy. Approved applications undergo technical verification by the director general of the Agricultural Infrastructure and Facilities Department, |
The Fertilizer Act B.E. 2518, amended by the Fertilizer Act (No. 2) B.E. 2550, outlines the definitions and procedures for registrations, obtaining licenses for the manufacturing, exporting, importing, and transit of various types of fertilizers. | The manufacturer creates technical documentation, engages a notified body to assess the design's adequacy, obtains the EU type examination certificate, manufactures the fertilizing product, prepares the EU declaration of conformity, and acquires the CE trademark. |