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. Author manuscript; available in PMC: 2024 May 6.
Published in final edited form as: Aging Ment Health. 2022 Apr 4;27(3):505–511. doi: 10.1080/13607863.2022.2060184

Table 1.

Sample characteristics by rural and urban location, COVID-19 Coping Study, April-May, 2020.

Total Geographic Density

N (Weighted %)
N = 6,873
Urban weighted %
N = 6,107 (87.02)
Rural weighted %
N = 766 (12.98)
p-value 1
Age (Mean, SD) 67.87 (0.23) 67.86 (0.24) 67.27 (0.65) 0.3962
Sex
 Male 2,477 (46.16) 46.38 44.74
 Female 4,396 (53.84) 53.62 55.26 0.580
Race and Ethnicity
 Non-Hispanic White 5,805 (72.58) 70.23 88.36
 Non-Hispanic Black  381 (10.25) 10.90  5.91
 Hispanic or Latinx  344 (10.52) 11.64  3.04
 Other race 343 (6.64)  7.23  2.69 <0.001
Relationship Status
 Single, never married  566 (8.27)  8.39  7.42
 Single, divorced/separated 1,129 (17.68) 17.97 15.75
 Single, widowed  656 (15.13) 15.10 15.10
 Married or in a relationship 4,504 (58.92) 58.54 61.44 0.684
Highest Level of Education
 Less than high school  162 (13.7) 12.75 20.04
 High school diploma or equivalency 1,032 (30.18) 29.22 36.61
 Some college or 2-year associate degree 1,369 (27.61) 28.25 23.30
 Four-year college or university 1,887 (16.45) 17.16 11.67
 Postgraduate or professional degree 2,423 (12.08) 12.63  8.38 <0.001
Lives Alone2
 No 5,036 (72.19) 72.08 72.95
 Yes 1,780 (27.81) 27.92 27.05 0.743
Self-rated Health2
 Poor  157 (3.59)  3.37  5.10
 Fair  827 (16.86) 16.54 19.05
 Good 2,178 (36.65) 36.54 37.41
 Very good 2,614 (31.84) 32.31 28.72
 Excellent 1,089 (11.05) 11.25  9.73 0.264
Had COVID-192
 No 6,225 (92.51) 92.06 95.47
 Yes, diagnosed with test (recovered)   19 (0.27)  0.23  0.51
 Yes, diagnosed with test (still sick)   14 (0.21)  0.21  0.20
 Not diagnosed, but recently had symptoms  596 (7.10)  7.49  3.81 0.023
Worried about COVID-19
 Not at all  232 (5.22)  4.87  7.58
 Slightly  772 (12.76) 12.34 15.58
 Somewhat 1,210 (17.56) 17.37 18.80
 Moderately 2,566 (32.48) 32.16 34.68
 Extremely 2,088 (31.97) 33.26 23.36 0.003
How Often Uses Social Media
 Less than once a month 1,428 (25.20) 25.87 20.77
 Once or twice a month  236 (3.50)  3.24  5.29
 Once or twice a week  466 (7.38)  7.70  5.21
 3 to 5 times a week  460 (6.92)  6.84  7.40
 Daily or almost daily 4,226 (57.00) 56.35 61.32 0.097

N = 6,873.