Table 2.
Outcome variables by rural and urban location, COVID-19 Coping Study, April-May, 2020.
| Total | Geographic Density | |||
|---|---|---|---|---|
|
| ||||
| N (%) N = 6,873 |
Urban n (%) n = 6,107 |
Rural n (%) n = 766 |
p-value | |
| Depressive Symptoms | ||||
| No | 4,641 (67.98) | 67.69 | 69.93 | |
| Yes | 2,215 (32.02) | 32.31 | 30.07 | 0.409 |
| Presence of Anxiety | ||||
| No | 4,832 (70.68) | 70.46 | 72.11 | |
| Yes | 1,968 (29.32) | 29.54 | 27.89 | 0.562 |
| Loneliness | ||||
| No | 4,801 (70.51) | 70.57 | 70.12 | |
| Yes | 1,938 (29.49) | 29.43 | 29.88 | 0.872 |
| Degree of Social Isolation | ||||
| Low | 4,613 (57.27) | 57.03 | 58.91 | |
| High | 2,260 (42.73) | 42.97 | 41.09 | 0.524 |
| Has Social Contact as Often as They’d Like | ||||
| Never | 46 (1.45) | 1.49 | 1.17 | |
| Hardly ever | 246 (7.60) | 7.56 | 7.97 | |
| Some of the time | 1,114 (25.67) | 26.27 | 21.04 | |
| Most of the time | 2,983 (65.27) | 64.68 | 69.81 | 0.337 |
| Day/Week Spent Self-Isolating2 | ||||
| 0 days | 360 (8.54) | 8.50 | 8.79 | |
| 1-3 days | 555 (8.74) | 8.79 | 8.36 | |
| 4-6 days | 845 (13.27) | 13.13 | 14.25 | |
| 7 days | 4,902 (69.45) | 69.58 | 68.60 | 0.936 |
| Days/Week Social Distancing Outside | ||||
| 0 days | 99 (5.13) | 4.96 | 6.16 | |
| 1-3 days | 249 (12.54) | 12.53 | 12.60 | |
| 4-6 days | 170 (7.72) | 7.17 | 11.16 | |
| 7 days | 1,887 (74.61) | 75.34 | 70.08 | 0.248 |
| Days/Week Outside at Least 15 min | ||||
| 0 days | 387 (8.68) | 8.86 | 7.44 | |
| 1-3 days | 1,938 (32.78) | 33.64 | 27.16 | |
| 4-6 days | 1,651 (19.79) | 19.75 | 20.07 | |
| 7 days | 2,676 (38.75) | 37.75 | 45.33 | 0.041 |
| Days/Week 15-min Face-to-Face Contact | ||||
| 0 days | 1,287 (26.73) | 27.18 | 23.78 | |
| 1-3 days | 898 (14.28) | 13.89 | 16.88 | |
| 4-6 days | 320 (4.15) | 4.32 | 3.04 | |
| 7 days | 4,111 (54.84) | 54.61 | 56.30 | 0.227 |
| Days/Week 15-min Phone or Video Call | ||||
| 0 days | 865 (20.98) | 20.71 | 22.77 | |
| 1-3 days | 2,642 (40.31) | 40.04 | 42.09 | |
| 4-6 days | 1,490 (16.55) | 16.96 | 13.85 | |
| 7 days | 1,668 (22.15) | 22.28 | 21.29 | 0.443 |
| Day/Week Text/Email/Social Media with Friends/Family | ||||
| 0 days | 431 (12.06) | 12.18 | 11.25 | |
| 1-3 days | 1,075 (20.81) | 21.20 | 18.23 | |
| 4-6 days | 1,186 (16.91) | 16.84 | 17.42 | |
| 7 days | 3,935 (50.22) | 49.79 | 53.10 | 0.551 |
Estimates based on population-weighted analyses. N = 6,873.