Table 1.

Results of meta-analysis: non-adjusted and adjusted analysis

Outcomes	Non-adjusted RR	P	Adjusted RR	P
Preterm birth	1.72 (1.41, 2.10)	< 0.001	1.48 (1.12, 1.96)	0.006
Cesarean delivery	1.95 (1.67, 2.28)	< 0.001	2.13 (1.12, 4.04)	0.021
Placenta previa	2.99 (2.06, 4.35)	< 0.001	1.62 (1.03, 2.53)	0.037
Miscarriage	4.51 (2.80, 7.26)	< 0.001	-	-
PPROM	1.37 (1.09, 1.72)	< 0.001	1.30 (0.98, 1.72)	0.073
Placental abruption	1.85 (1.48, 2.32)	< 0.001	1.94 (1.19, 3.16)	0.008
PPH	3.52 (2.16, 5.73)	< 0.001	2.29 (1.78, 2.94)	< 0.001
Fetal distress	3.61 (2.08, 6.27)	< 0.001	-	-
Malposition	2.54 (1.75, 3.69)	< 0.001	-	-
Intrauterine fetal death	2.34 (1.42, 3.84)	< 0.001	1.82 (1.01, 3.28)	0.046
Low birth weight	1.72 (1.03, 2.85)	< 0.001	1.36 (0.87, 2.13)	0.172
Breech presentation	2.26 (1.56, 3.29)	< 0.001	1.88 (1.18, 2.99)	0.008
IUGR	1.25 (0.61, 2.55)	0.543	-	-
Preeclampsia	1.48 (1.10, 2.00)	0.009	1.20 (1.02, 1.42)	0.031

Abbreviation PPROM, Preterm premature rupture of membranes; PPH, Postpartum hemorrhage; IUGR, Intrauterine growth retardation; RR, risk ratio