Table 3.

Characterization of VSMC phenotypic transformations regulated by lncRNAs and circRNAs in vascular remodeling for maintaining vascular homeostasis

ncRNAs	Target gene	Regulation category	Physiological function	Disease type	References
lncRNA-PEBP1P2	CDK9	Repress VSMC proliferation, migration, and dedifferentiation	Suppress neointima formation	Coronary heart disease and carotid atherosclerotic	[175]
lncRNA-CARMN	Myocardin	Maintain contractile phenotype of VSMC	Suppress neointima formation	Carotid artery injury	[176]
lncRNA-PSR	YBX1	Promote VSMC proliferation and migration	Promote neointima formation	Spontaneous hypertension	[177]
lncRNA-MYOSLID	MKL1	Promote VSMC differentiation and inhibit proliferation	Amplify VSMC differentiation program	/	[178]
lncRNA-AK098656	MYH11/FN1	IncreaseVSMC proliferation and migration, elevate extracellular matrix proteins	Narrow resistant arteries	Spontaneous hypertension	[179]
LncRNA- MRAK048635_P1	/	Inhibit VSMC proliferation and migration and promote apoptosis	Reduce vascular damage in hypertension	Essential hypertension	[180]
lncRNA-NEAT1	WDR5	Promote VSMC proliferation and migration	Promote neointima formation	Occlusive vascular diseases	[181]
lncRNA-FOXC2_AS1	Akt/mTOR	Promote VSMC proliferation, migration, and dedifferentiation	Promote neointima formation	/	[182]
lncRNA-SENCR	Myocardin	Inhibit VSMC proliferation, migration and synthetic phenotype-related gene expression	Suppress rupture of mice aortic media	Aortic dissection	[183]
circRNA-SATB2	SM22-α/STIM1	Promote VSMC proliferation and migration	Promote neointima formation	Coronary heart disease	[184]
circRNA-ZXDC	ABCC6	Increase VSMC proliferation and migration activity	Increase MMD vessels intima thickness	Moyamoya disease	[185]
circ-COL1A1	miR-30a-5p/SMAD30	Promote VSMC proliferation and migration	Promote human saphenous vein tissue growth	Atherosclerosis	[186]