Table 2.
Expression and secretion of IFN-inducible CXCR3 ligands by human synovial cells isolated from SF and synovial tissues of RA patients
| Cell type (status of cells) | Stimuli | Secreted IFN-inducible CXCR3 ligand in cell culture supernatant | mRNA expression CXCR3 ligand by the cells | References |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Synovial tissue cells (freshly isolated cells) | DMEM + 10% FCS | CXCL9, CXCL10, CXCL11 | N.D | [124] |
| TNF-α | CXCL10 | CXCL9, CXCL10 | [137, 165] | |
| IL-1β | N.D | CXCL10 | [156] | |
| Synovial tissue cells (cultured for 2 weeks[135] or third to ninth passage[166]) | DMEM + 10% FCS | CXCL10 | N.D | [166] |
| IFN-γ | CXCL10 | N.D | [135] | |
| TNF-α | CXCL10 | N.D | [135, 166] | |
| hTWEAK | CXCL10 | CXCL10 | [166] | |
| hTWEAK + TNF-α | CXCL10 | N.D | ||
| Synovial fibroblasts (fourth or fifth passage[124] or third to sixth passage[110]) | IFN-γ | CXCL9, CXCL10 | CXCL9, CXCL10, CXCL11 | [110, 124] |
| TNF-α | CXCL10 | CXCL9, CXCL10, CXCL11 | [110, 124] | |
| IL-1β | CXCL10 | CXCL9, CXCL10, CXCL11 | [124] | |
| IFN-γ + TNF-α | CXCL9, CXCL10, CXCL11 | N.D | [124] | |
| IFN-γ + IL-1β | CXCL9, CXCL10, CXCL11 | N.D | [124] | |
| SF monocytes (freshly isolated) | Fibroblast-like synoviocytes (cultured after isolation) | CXCL10 | CXCL10 in synovial monocytes | [131] |
| SF PMNs (freshly isolated) | CXCL10 | CXCL10 in synovial PMNs | ||
| SF CD1c+ mDC | RPMI medium + 10% human AB serum | CXCL9, CXCL10 | N.D | [167] |
DMEM Dulbecco's Modified Eagle Medium, FCS fetal calf serum, hTWEAK human tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-like weak inducer of apoptosis, IFN interferon, IL interleukin, mDC myeloid dendritic cells, N.D. not determined, PMNs polymorphonuclear neutrophils, RPMI Roswell Park Memorial Institute, SF synovial fluid, TNF-α tumor necrosis factor α