Fig. 1.

Causative Role of p53 in fibrotic disease. In response to various renal insults (e.g., obstruction, diabetes, FSGS, HIV and nephrotoxins) p53 is phosphorylated and/or overexpressed in the damaged kidney, leading to epithelial cell death/cell cycle arrest and a secretory associated senescent phenotype, fibrotic factor (CTGF, PAI-1 and TGF-β1) expression/secretion, myofibroblast accumulation, inflammation. Collective maladaptive repair responses, orchestrated by p53 results in tissue fibrosis and end stage renal disease