Fig. 6.

Genome-wide transcriptomic analysis. We performed functional enrichment comparing the following conditions: SF-μg v/s SF-1g (for gene sets affected by microgravity); SF-1g v/s GC (for gene sets affected by SR), and SF-μg v/s GC (for gene sets affected by both microgravity and SR). A GSEA analysis indicated molecular programs activated or repressed in microgravity, radiation and SF. Each row represents a gene set and each column is a comparison. The absolute value of the NES represents the degree of the enrichment of the gene set in one of the two groups under comparison, whereas its sign indicates which group is enriched in the gene set (positive, in red color, if the gene set is enriched in the first group compared to the second; negative, in green, vice versa). Gene sets are significantly enriched with an FDR below 0.25 (*). Row: gene set; column: the comparison between two groups. B To dissect the effect of microgravity from radiation, we analyzed the Venn distribution of the 43 molecular pathways in C. Interestingly, we observed that 12 gene sets up-regulated by microgravity were down-regulated by radiation, whereas eight gene sets down-regulated by microgravity were up-regulated by radiation, highlighting an opposing effect of the two main environmental components of SF