Fig. 1.

Sequence relationships of 623 AA5_2 catalytic modules. a Phylogenetic tree with bootstrap values supporting the 38 subgroups are indicated at each node/branch. For branches exhibiting low bootstrap values (< 50), values supporting the nodes are indicated. b Sequence similarity network (SSN). Each node corresponds to one of the 623 catalytic modules used as an input to build the SSN created in Cytoscape with yFiles Organic layout [104]. Edges represent an alignment bit score threshold of 550, which clusters the sequences into groups analogous to those observed in (a) and color coded accordingly. In both panels, AA5 members with previously available biochemical data are colored in black and indicated as (methyl)glyoxal oxidases (UmaGlyOx [67], PchGlyOx1 and PchGlyOx2 [68], PciGlyOx1 and PciGlyOx2 [110]) (comprising the outgroup), galactose oxidases (FgrGalOx [66, 73, 92], FoxGalOx [65], FsaGalOx [64], FsuGalOx [63], FveGalOx, and FsuGalOx [111]), alcohol oxidases (CgrAlcOx and CglAlcOx [37], ChiAlcOx and PorAlcOx [38], raffinose oxidase (CgrRafOx) [62], AA5_2 oxidase (PruAA5_2A (PruAlcOx)) [61], and the aryl alcohol oxidase (CgrAAO) [39]. Enzymes first characterized in the present study are colored in neon green. Two selected sequences for which characterization was published contemporaneously, PruAA5_2A (PruAlcOx) [61] and PorAlcOx [38], are colored in grey