Fig. 3.

The therapeutic strategies for cancer-related bone metastasis by targeting MDSCs. Based on the principles for MDSCs-targeted immune therapies that we have discussed, therapeutic strategies for cancer-related bone metastasis by targeting MDSCs fall into five main groups. Starting from the section with blue as the background color, five therapeutic strategies are shown clockwise. The strategies include: a limiting the generation, recruitment, and localization of MDSCs, b impeding the immunosuppressive function of MDSCs, c blocking the effect of MDSCs on PMN formation, d targeting MDSCs death pathway, e suppressing the osteoclastogenesis of MDSCs