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. 2023 Jul 8;80(8):199. doi: 10.1007/s00018-023-04837-1

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© The Author(s), under exclusive licence to Springer Nature Switzerland AG 2023. Springer Nature or its licensor (e.g. a society or other partner) holds exclusive rights to this article under a publishing agreement with the author(s) or other rightsholder(s); author self-archiving of the accepted manuscript version of this article is solely governed by the terms of such publishing agreement and applicable law.

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Fig. 3 — Comparison of sex pheromone components and PR functions in the four Helicoverpa species. A Phylogenetic analysis and functional comparison of candidate pheromone receptors. The phylogenetic tree was constructed using MEGA-X software with the maximum likelihood method, and bootstrap values are based on 1000 replicates. The size of each dot represents the magnitude of the response of each pheromone receptor towards its agonists. Each PR clade is marked in a different color, and the nonsynonymous (dN) to synonymous (dS) substitution ratio (ω) is labeled alongside. B Composition of female sex pheromones in the four species. The size of each dot is proportional to the ratio of an individual pheromone component. The evolutionary relationships of the four specified Helicoverpa species were estimated as previously described [70]. The pheromone compositions of each species were arranged according to data from previous studies [38, 39, 42, 46, 47]