Fig. 1.

CD133+ cells are main cells responsible for oxaliplatin-resistance in human primary gastric cancer-patient derived organoids. A Compared with PT3 and PT4, PT1 and PT2 have obvious tolerance to oxaliplatin. The abscissa represents the concentration of oxaliplatin, and the ordinate represents cell viability. B The statistical significance of the fold change in gene expression (x-axis, log2 transformation) between oxaliplatin-resistant (PT1 and PT2) and sensitive (PT3 and PT4) populations (n = 3) determined by RNA sequencing (y-axis, log2 transformation) volcano map. FC, fold change; padj, adjust the p value for false discovery rate. Red dots indicate differentially expressed genes with padj < 0.05 of PT1 and PT2. Green dots indicate differentially expressed genes with padj < 0.05 of PT3 and PT4. C Flow cytometry analysis and comparison of CD133+ cells in PT1, PT2, PT3, and PT4 organoids. Isotype is no antibody control. The abscissa represents CD133, and the ordinate represents cells. D Representative images of organoid culture based on cells sorted by flow cytometry. The scale represents 200 μm. E Number of organoids in (D) after organoid formation. F Size of organoids in (D) after organoid formation. G A representative image of size change of tumor post BALB/C NUDE mice implantation with a dose of Oxaliplatin with its vehicle. The scale represents 1 cm. H Statistics of tumor volume after tumorigenesis in (G). I Statistics of tumor quality after tumorigenesis in (G). PT1 gastric cancer (GC) patient 1. PT2 GC patient 2. PT3 GC patient 3. PT4 GC patient 4. OXA Oxaliplatin. CON Solvent group. *p < 0.05, **p < 0.01, ***p < 0.001