Table 1.
Medicinal preparations tested in clinical trials to target TGF-β signaling in cancer patients
| Drug | Target | Application | Reference |
|---|---|---|---|
|
AP 12009 (Trabedersen) |
TGF-β2 | Improved survival of patients with high-grade glioma | [193] |
|
GC 1008 (Fresolimumab) |
TGF-β | Increased overall survival and immune response in patients with breast cancer | [194] |
|
Lucanix™ (Belagenpumatucel-L) |
TGF-β2 | Improved survival in patients with non-small-cell lung carcinoma | [195] |
|
LY2157299 (Galunisertib) |
TGF-βRI/ALK5* | Improved survival of patients with pancreatic cancer | [196] |
| LY3200882 | TGF-βRI | Potentially effective in patients with pancreatic cancer | [197] |
|
M7824 (Bintrafusp alfa) |
TGF-βRII | Potentially effective in patients with non-small-cell lung carcinoma | [198] |
|
TEW7179 (Vactosertib) |
TGF-βRI/ALK5 | Tested in patients with advanced solid tumors | [199] |
|
Vigil™ (Gemogenovatucel-T) |
TGF-β1 TGF-β2 |
Improved survival and relapse free time in patients with ovarian cancer | [200] |
*ALK5—activin receptor-like kinase 5