Table 1.

Transcription factors that regulate PD-1 expression

Transcription factor	Cell types	Infection type	Binding sites locations	Function	References
NFATc1	T cells, B cells	Acute	Inside CR-C	Activator	[33]
RBP-Jκ	CD8 + T cells	Acute	Upstream of CR-C	Activator	[46, 47]
STAT3, STAT4	T cells	Acute	Inside the enhancers located at − 3.7 kb and + 17.1 kb	Activator	[40]
ISGF3	T cells, macrophages	Acute	Inside CR-C	Activator	[35, 36]
FoxO1	CD8 + T cells	Chronic	Inside CR-C	Activator	[37]
c-Fos	Tumor-infiltrating T cells	–	Inside CR-B	Activator	[34]
NF-κB	Macrophages, B cells	–	Inside CR-C	Activator	[38]
Blimp-1	T cells	Acute	Downstream of CR-C	Repressor	[49, 54, 55]
T-bet	T cells	Chronic	− 0.5 kb	Repressor	[53]