. Author manuscript; available in PMC: 2024 May 6.

Published in final edited form as: Pharmacol Res. 2023 Aug 3;195:106882. doi: 10.1016/j.phrs.2023.106882

Table 2.

Available drugs for adjuvant therapy.

Substance (class)	Effects		Approved for T1D
Substance (class)	+	−	Approved for T1D
Acarbose	Reduction of postprandial glycemia without HbA1c effect		No
GLP1-RA	Reduced HbA1c, reduced body weight	Hypoglycemia and ketosis	No
Metformin	Reduced body weight and low-density cholesterol	Usual side effects of substance in T2D	No
Pramlintide	Less postprandial variability	Nausea, postprandial hypoglycemia	Only in US
SGLTi	Reduced HbA1c, insulin dose, reduced body weight	Risk for euDKA	No (dapaglifolzin had a limited approval in EU, but currently it was withdrawn)

RCT: Randomized Controlled Trial; HbA1c: glycated haemoglobin; euDKA: euglucemic diabetic ketoacidosis; US: United States; EU: European Union