Table 2.
Association of social engagement on cognitive impairment among 793,846 long-stay nursing home residents
| Moderate cognitive impairment (Cognitive Performance Scale 3–4) | Severe cognitive impairment (Cognitive Performance Scale 5–6) | |||
|---|---|---|---|---|
|
| ||||
| Ref. no/mild cognitive impairment (Cognitive Performance Scale 0–2) |
||||
| Adjusted Odds Ratio a | 95% Confidence intervals | Adjusted Odds Ratio a | 95% Confidence intervals | |
|
| ||||
| Social engagement | ||||
| None or low social engagement (0–2) (n=405,144) | 2.21 | (2.17–2.26) | 6.49 | (6.24–6.74) |
| Higher social engagement (3–6) (n=388,702) | 1.0 | -- | 1.0 | -- |
|
| ||||
| Social engagement | ||||
| 0 (No engagement) | 6.98 | (6.55–7.43) | 138 | (114–166) |
| 1 | 4.24 | (4.04–4.45) | 38.3 | (31.9–46.1) |
| 2 | 3.33 | (3.18–3.48) | 20.3 | (16.9–24.3) |
| 3 | 2.35 | (2.25–2.45) | 9.64 | (8.05–11.6) |
| 4 | 1.69 | (1.63–1.76) | 4.75 | (3.97–5.67) |
| 5 | 1.48 | (1.42–1.54) | 3.20 | (2.67–3.85) |
| 6 (Highest level) | 1.0 | -- | 1.0 | -- |
a
Adjusted for age, gender, race, marital status, ADL limitations, number of medications per week, Alzheimer’s disease, dementia other than Alzheimer’s disease.