Table 2.
Prevalence and odds ratios for perinatal outcomes
| Perinatal outcomes | Normal BP | High BP | Controlled BP | Uncontrolled BP | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| SGA | Prevalence (%) | 1,087/17,476 (6.2) | 78/604 (12.9) | 5/42 (11.9) | 7/33 (21.2) |
| Crude OR [95%CI] | ref | 2.24 [1.75–2.86] | 2.04 [0.80–5.19] | 4.06 [1.76–9.37] | |
| Model 1 adjusted OR [95%CI] | ref | 1.76 [1.32–2.35] | 2.08 [0.79–5.50] | 2.34 [0.94–5.85] | |
| Model 2 adjusted OR [95%CI] | ref | 1.53 [1.10–2.13] | 1.46 [0.50–4.28] | 1.12 [0.37–3.40] | |
| Low birth weight | Prevalence (%) | 1,325/17,476 (7.6) | 114/604 (18.9) | 10/42 (23.8) | 16/33 (48.5) |
| Crude OR [95%CI] | ref | 2.84 [2.30–3.50] | 3.81 [1.87–7.77] | 11.47 [5.78–22.75] | |
| Model 1 adjusted OR [95%CI] | ref | 1.80 [1.35–2.41] | 3.42 [1.35–8.63] | 5.10 [1.93–13.45] | |
| Model 2 adjusted OR [95%CI] | ref | 1.66 [1.19–2.32] | 2.68 [1.01–7.10] | 3.44 [1.03–11.56] | |
| Preterm birth | Prevalence (%) | 798/17,476 (4.6) | 75/604 (12.4) | 6/42 (14.3) | 12/33 (36.4) |
| Crude OR [95%CI] | ref | 2.96 [2.30–3.81] | 3.48 [1.46–8.29] | 11.94 [5.86–24.36] | |
| Model 1 adjusted OR [95%CI] | ref | 1.99 [1.48–2.68] | 2.70 [1.12–6.50] | 6.53 [3.09–13.82] | |
| Model 2 adjusted OR [95%CI] | ref | 1.95 [1.43–2.66] | 2.19 [0.89–5.40] | 5.02 [2.21–11.40] | |
| Neonatal admission | Neonatal ward (%) | 986/17,476 (5.6) | 56/604 (9.3) | 0/42 (0) | 4/33 (12.1) |
| Crude OR [95%CI] | ref | 1.94 [1.46–2.58] | – | 3.50 [1.18–10.36] | |
| Model 1 adjusted OR [95%CI] | ref | 1.87 [1.35–2.59] | – | 2.48 [0.79–7.80] | |
| Model 2 adjusted OR [95%CI] | ref | 1.87 [1.35–2.61] | – | 2.36 [0.73–7.62] | |
| NICU or GCU (%) | 969/17,476 (5.5) | 93/604 (15.4) | 9/42 (21.4) | 11/33 (33.3) | |
| Crude OR [95%CI] | ref | 3.27 [2.60–4.13] | 4.37 [2.08–9.16] | 9.79 [4.61–20.78] | |
| Model 1 adjusted OR [95%CI] | ref | 1.64 [1.19–2.24] | 2.17 [0.88–5.38] | 2.12 [0.80–5.65] | |
| Model 2 adjusted OR [95%CI] | ref | 1.65 [1.20–2.28] | 1.89 [0.76–4.68] | 1.89 [0.68–5.24] | |
| 1-min Apgar score <7 | Prevalence (%) | 334/16,261 (2.1) | 23/567 (4.1) | 3/41 (7.3) | 2/32 (6.3) |
| Crude OR [95%CI] | ref | 2.02 [1.31–3.10] | 3.77 [1.16–12.26] | 3.18 [0.76–13.36] | |
| Model 1 adjusted OR [95%CI] | ref | 1.17 [0.70–1.95] | 2.23 [0.65–7.68] | 0.91 [0.20–4.16] | |
| Model 2 adjusted OR [95%CI] | ref | 1.29 [0.76–2.18] | 2.33 [0.67–8.05] | 0.94 [0.20–4.33] | |
| 5-min Apgar score <7 | Prevalence (%) | 97/15,952 (0.6) | 5/560 (0.9) | 0/41 (0) | 0/32 (0) |
| Crude OR [95%CI] | – | – | – | – | |
| Model 1 adjusted OR [95%CI] | – | – | – | – | |
| Model 2 adjusted OR [95%CI] | – | – | – | – | |
SGA small for gestational age, OR odds ratio, CI confidence interval, NICU Neonatal Intensive Care Unit, GCU Growing Care Unit, BP blood pressure
Model 1 was adjusted for maternal age at delivery, pre-pregnancy body mass index, maternal smoking, preterm birth (except as an outcome), and maternal diastolic BP level after 20 gestational weeks
Model 2 was adjusted for placental weight in addition to model 1. The total number of participants in model 2 was 16,441 each for SGA, low birth weight, preterm birth, and neonatal admission and 16,375 for 1-min Apgar score <7