Table 2.

Baseline sociodemographic characteristics and potential confounders according to the duration of breastfeeding (n = 486).

	n	Duration of full breastfeeding in months (%)					Duration of any breastfeeding in months (%)
		< 6 (n = 219)	6–11 (n = 166)	12–17 (n = 75)	≥ 18 (n = 26)	p value	< 6 (n = 205)	6–11 (n = 129)	12–17 (n = 64)	≥ 18 (n = 88)	p value
Main caregiver characteristics
Main caregiver
Mother	238	35.6	51.2	65.3	100	< 0.001†	34.6	45	64.1	77.3	< 0.001†
Other caregiver	248	64.4	48.8	34.7	0		65.4	55	35.9	22.7
Age
≤ 35 years	208	31.5	45.8	57.3	76.9	< 0.001 †	30.7	39.5	59.4	63.6	< 0.001†
> 35 years	278	68.5	54.2	42.7	23.1		69.3	60.5	40.6	36.4
Education
Primary school or lower	210	55.2	38.6	32	3.9	< 0.001†	55.6	43.4	31.3	22.7	< 0.001†
Secondary school/College or University	276	44.8	61.4	68	96.1		44.4	56.6	68.7	77.3
Occupation
Farmer/agriculturist/laborer	84	25.1	13.2	8	3.8	0.003†	26.3	10.9	12.5	9.1	0.001†
Professional or office worker	97	19.6	20.5	18.7	23.1		19.5	20.1	17.2	22.7
Homemaker/unemployed	305	55.3	66.3	73.3	73.1		54.2	69	70.3	68.2
Maternal characteristics
Age
≤ 35 years	420	85.8	89.2	85.3	76.9	0.36†	86.8	87.6	89.1	81.8	0.54†
> 35 years	66	14.2	10.8	14.7	23.1		13.2	12.4	10.9	18.2
Education
Primary school or lower	25	5.5	4.2	6.7	3.9	0.85‡	4.9	4.7	3.1	8	0.61‡
Secondary school or higher	461	94.5	95.8	93.3	96.1		95.1	95.3	96.9	92
Occupation
Farmer/agriculturist/laborer	72	18.7	13.9	9.3	3.8	< 0.001†	19.5	14	12.5	6.8	< 0.001†
Professional or office worker	245	57.5	50.6	38.7	23.1		57.1	54.2	39.1	37.5
Homemaker/unemployed	169	23.8	35.5	52	73.1		23.4	31.8	48.4	55.7
Yearly family income
< 120,000 THB	131	26.5	22.9	33.3	38.5	0.42†	25.9	22.5	26.6	36.3	0.34†
120,001–240,000 THB	170	38.8	34.3	28	26.9		39.5	32.6	34.4	28.4
240,001–360,000 THB	89	17.8	21.1	14.7	15.4		18	21.7	15.6	16
360,001–1,800,000 THB	96	16.9	21.7	24	19.2		16.6	23.2	23.4	19.3
Child characteristics from birth to 36 months
Sex
Boy	244	48.9	53.6	52	34.6	0.31†	50.7	47.3	54.7	50	0.81†
Girl	242	51.1	46.4	48	65.4		49.3	52.7	45.3	50
Duration of full breastfeeding
< 6 months	219						100	1.6	4.7	10.2	< 0.001†
6–11 months	166						0	98.4	21.9	28.4
12–17 months	75						0	0	73.4	31.8
≥ 18 months	26						0	0	0	29.6
Start age of other-milk feeding
< 6 months	203	92.7	0	0	0	< 0.001†	93.7	1.5	4.7	6.8	< 0.001†
6–11 months	177	7.3	97	0	0		6.3	97	21.9	28.4
12–17 months	71	0	3	88	0		0	1.5	65.6	30.7
≥ 18 months	35	0	0	12	100		0	0	7.8	34.1
Age of introduction to sugar
< 12 months	471	97.3	97.6	94.7	96.1	0.43 ‡	97.1	97.7	95.3	96.6	0.60 ‡
12–24 months	14	2.7	2.4	4	3.9		2.9	2.3	3.1	3.4
> 24 months	1	0	0	1.3	0		0	0	1.6	0
Child characteristics at 12 months
Age in months, mean (SD)	486	12.7 (1.1)	12.8 (1.1)	12.7 (1.1)	13.2 (1.2)	0.18§	12.7 (1.1)	12.9 (1.1)	12.6 (1)	12.9 (1.1)	0.17§
Cleaning teeth
Never	75	19.2	10.8	14.7	15.4	0.03†	18.5	10	15.6	15.9	0.07†
< 2 times/day	185	41.1	38	37.3	15.4		40.5	38.8	43.8	27.3
≥ 2 times/day	226	39.7	51.2	48	69.2		41	51.2	40.6	56.8
Fluoride toothpaste
Yes	115	20.1	24.1	26.7	42.3	0.07†	20.5	24	23.4	30.7	0.31†
No	371	79.9	75.9	73.3	57.7		79.5	76	76.6	69.3
Visible plaque
< 15%	379	79.4	74.7	82.7	73.1	0.45†	78.5	73.6	78.1	82.9	0.44†
≥ 15%	107	20.6	25.3	17.3	26.9		21.5	26.4	21.9	17.1
Sleeping while milk feeding
Never	152	27.4	38.6	30.7	19.2	0.045†	27.3	43.4	32.8	21.6	0.008†
1–3 times/week	101	21	22.8	18.7	11.6		21.5	20.2	23.4	18.2
> 3 times/week	233	51.6	38.6	50.6	69.2		51.2	36.4	43.8	60.2
Drinking water after milk feeding
Never	145	24.7	27.7	41.3	53.8	0.001†	22.4	28.7	35.9	44.3	0.004†
Sometimes	193	38.8	44	32	42.3		40	42.6	35.9	37.5
Always	148	36.5	28.3	26.7	3.9		37.6	28.7	28.2	18.2
Number of meals
1–2	158	38.4	33.7	21.3	7.7	0.002 †	39	37.2	23.4	17	0.001†
≥ 3	328	61.6	66.3	78.7	92.3		61	62.8	76.6	83
Sugar consumption between meals
≤ 3 times/week	161	35.6	31.9	29.3	30.8	0.81 †	35.1	33.3	28.1	31.8	0.84†
4–6 times/week	128	23.3	28.3	28	34.6		22.9	27.9	31.3	28.4
≥ 7 times/week	197	41.1	39.8	42.7	34.6		42	38.8	40.6	39.8
Child characteristics at 36 months
Visible plaque
< 15%	407	81.3	83.1	88	96.2	0.18†	82.9	85.3	82.8	84.1	0.95 †
≥ 15%	79	18.7	16.9	12	3.8		17.1	14.7	17.2	15.9
Sugar consumption between meals
≤ 3 times/week	107	23.3	24.1	12	26.9	0.17†	23.4	24	18.8	18.2	0.90 †
4–6 times/week	98	20.1	18.7	28	7.7		19.5	20.2	23.4	19.3
≥ 7 times/week	281	56.6	57.2	60	65.4		57.1	57.8	57.8	62.5

Data presented as % unless otherwise stated.

N, sample size; SD, standard deviation.

^†Pearson Chi-square test, ^‡Fisher’s exact test, ^§One-way ANOVA.

Boldface indicates statistical significance.