Table 1. The characteristics of participants.
| Characteristic | PDR (n=32) | NPDR (n=23) | DM (n=27) | HC (n=29) | P |
| Age (y) | 54.6±8.80 | 58.65±10.76 | 58.89±10.31 | 59.59±13.98 | 0.198 |
| Gender (M/F) | 12/20 | 6/17 | 15/12 | 10/19 | 0.171 |
| BMI (kg/m2) | 25.78±3.86 | 27.17±4.15 | 25.50±3.40 | 24.99±3.40 | 0.19 |
| Hypertension, n (%) | 20 (62.5) | 17 (73.91) | 19 (70.37) | 16 (55.17) | 1.0 |
| FPG (mmol/L) | 9.9 (6.35–15.63)a | 9.59 (7.24–13.26)a | 8.53 (7.69–13.60)a | 5.54 (5.01–6.35) | <0.001 |
| HbA1c, % | 7.25 (5.30–8.75)a | 9.10 (6.20–10.30)a | 8.4 (7.1–9.6)a | 4.65 (4.24–5.13) | <0.001 |
aP<0.05 compared with HC. PDR: Type 2 diabetes patients with proliferative retinopathy; NPDR: Type 2 diabetes patients with non-proliferative retinopathy; DM: Type 2 diabetes patients retinopathy; HC: healthy controls; FPG: Fasting plasma glucose; HbA1c: Glycated hemoglobin.
n=111