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. 2024 May 6;14:10362. doi: 10.1038/s41598-024-61034-1

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© The Author(s) 2024

Open Access This article is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License, which permits use, sharing, adaptation, distribution and reproduction in any medium or format, as long as you give appropriate credit to the original author(s) and the source, provide a link to the Creative Commons licence, and indicate if changes were made. The images or other third party material in this article are included in the article's Creative Commons licence, unless indicated otherwise in a credit line to the material. If material is not included in the article's Creative Commons licence and your intended use is not permitted by statutory regulation or exceeds the permitted use, you will need to obtain permission directly from the copyright holder. To view a copy of this licence, visit http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/.

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The immunophenotype of the monoclonal plasma cells in POEMS syndrome. The immunophenotype of CD19 and CD56 in the identified clonal PCs using (A) MM-flow (n = 9) and (B) POEMS-flow (n = 18) are shown. The size of the circle in the figure indicates the number of cases with different immunophenotypes of CD19 and CD56 (CD19⁻/CD56⁺ or CD19⁻/CD56⁻ or CD19⁺/CD56⁻). (A) Five (55.6%) were CD19⁻/CD56⁺ and three (33.3%) were CD19⁻/CD56⁻ in MM-flow. (B) Five (27.8%) were CD19⁻/CD56⁺ and 12 (66.7%) were CD19⁻/CD56⁻ in POEMS-flow. (C) A comparison of CD38 mean fluorescence intensity (MFI) between monoclonal and normal plasma cells (PCs) analyzed using POEMS-flow is shown. The CD38 MFI of monoclonal PCs was significantly lower than that of normal PCs (P = 0.005), with median MFI values of 13,074.5 (range 2355–31,472) for monoclonal PCs and 20,778 (range 3674–34,672) for normal PCs.