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. 2024 May 6;14:10324. doi: 10.1038/s41598-024-61133-z

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© The Author(s) 2024

Open Access This article is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License, which permits use, sharing, adaptation, distribution and reproduction in any medium or format, as long as you give appropriate credit to the original author(s) and the source, provide a link to the Creative Commons licence, and indicate if changes were made. The images or other third party material in this article are included in the article's Creative Commons licence, unless indicated otherwise in a credit line to the material. If material is not included in the article's Creative Commons licence and your intended use is not permitted by statutory regulation or exceeds the permitted use, you will need to obtain permission directly from the copyright holder. To view a copy of this licence, visit http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/.

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Basic information and configuration of COVID-19 patients in different cohorts, The 44 patients with COVID-19 were divided into four groups: patients with persistent mild disease (PM group), patients with mild-to-severe disease (MS group), patients with persistent severe disease (deceased patients, PS group), and patients with severe-to-mild disease (SM group). (A–D) The basic information of patients regarding sex, age, hypertension status, and diabetes status was compared between the PM and MS groups and between the PS and SM groups. Fisher’s exact test was used to analyse sex, hypertension status, and diabetes status, while the Wilcoxon rank-sum test was used to analyse age differences among the various groups. No significant differences in clinical information were observed among the groups. P > 0.05 indicates no significant difference, and these instances are not marked in the figure. (E) Schematic diagram of the four clinical study cohorts: Cohort 1, a comparison of the PM group and MS group; Cohort 2, a comparison of the PS group and SM group; Cohort 3, an analysis of symptoms from mild to severe COVID-19; and Cohort 4, an analysis of symptoms from severe to mild COVID-19.