Table 2.

Comparison of Experimental Models

Models	Advantages	Disadvantages
Ad libitum model	Easy to perform. Minimal elevation of ALT and mild steatosis. Short-or long-term feeding with no mortality rate.	Insufficient for fibrosis or cirrhosis. Desired BAC levels cannot be achieved.
Lieber–DeCarli model	Easy to perform. Increase in hepatic triglycerides. CYP2E1 induction, marked elevation of AST and ALT. Reactive oxygen species production. mild steatosis. infiltration of inflammatory cells can be observed.	It is not physiological. No liver fibrosis.
The Tsukamoto–French intragastric infusion model	Marked elevation of AST and ALT and steatosis.	Difficult to perform. Requirement for intensive medical care. Expensive materials required. Mild liver fibrosis. Long-term feeding with a high mortality rate.
The NIAAA Model	Cost and time efficient. High blood alcohol levels. Liver injury. Inflammation. Fatty liver.	Animals to which the model is applied experience high weight loss and the mortality of the model is also high.
Secondary intervention methods	Simple and cheap. Moderate to significant elevation of serum ALT, AST, and liver. inflammation dependent on second hit. Liver fibrosis. Liver cancer.	Time consuming. Toxic components.

ALT, alanine aminotransferase; AST, aspartate aminotransferase; BAC, blood alcohol concentration.