Table 1.
Characteristics of the included meta-analyses
| Study | Databases | Age | Include study design | Exposure v. outcomes | Treatment v. control | Primary or secondary prevention | Effect value type |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Ghamdi et al.(22) | 6 | 41–67 | RCT | / | MD v. low-fat diet/NCEP guideline dietary | Primary | RR |
| Tomás et al.(23) | 3 | 16–92 | Prospective cohort studies and RCT | MD v. ①②③④⑤ | MD/Indo-MD/MD + EVOO + nuts v. step I diet of the AHA/low-fat diet | Secondary | RR/OR/HR |
| Bloomfield et al.(24) | 3 | 19–80 | Case control, prospective cohort studies and RCT | MD + fat intake v. ②③④⑤ | MD + EVOO/nuts v. low-fat diet | Primary and secondary | HR/RR |
| Liyanage et al.(25) | 3 | 41–67 | RCT | / | High bread, vegetables, fish and less meat/MD/ MD + extra virgin olive oil/MD + nuts v. prudent western diet/NCEP guidelines dietary/sensible eating/low-fat diet | Primary and secondary | RR |
| Martínez-González et al.(26) | 2 | 18–96 | Prospective cohort studies and RCT | Olive oil consumption v. ②③⑤ | MD + EVOO/ MD + nuts v. low-fat diet | Primary | RR/OR/HR |
| Mendes et al.(27) | 3 | 19–83 | Prospective cohort studies and case–control studies | Legume v. ②③⑤ | / | / | RR/OR/HR |
| Pant et al.(28) | 5 | ≥18 | Prospective cohort studies | MD v. ②③④⑤⑥⑦ | / | Primary | RR/OR/HR |
| Rosato et al.(29) | 1 | 1–92 | Case–control or cohort studies | MD v. ②③⑤⑧ | / | Primary | RR/OR/HR |
| Sofi et al.(30) | 6 | 29–69 | Prospective cohort studies | MD v. ②③⑤ | / | Primary | RR |
| Sofi et al.(31) | 4 | 20–90 | Prospective cohort studies | MD v. ⑨⑩ | / | Primary | RR |
| Tang et al.(17) | 6 | 20–86 | Prospective cohort studies | MD v. ②③④⑤⑨ | / | / | HR |
RCT, randomized controlled trial; MD, Mediterranean diet; NCEP, national cholesterol education program; EVOO, extra virgin olive oil; AHA, American Heart Association; RR, Relative risk; HR, Hazard ratio; ①, all-cause death; ②, cerebrovascular disease; ③, CHD; ④, myocardial infarction; ⑤, stroke; ⑥, heart failure; ⑦, major adverse cardiovascular events; ⑧, acute myocardial infarction; ⑨, CVD mortality; ⑩, CHD mortality.