Comparison 1. Collaborative care versus usual care (primary outcomes).

Outcome or subgroup title	No. of studies	No. of participants	Statistical method	Effect size
1.1 Quality of life: average change in mental health component ‐ 12 months	3	227	Std. Mean Difference (IV, Random, 95% CI)	0.03 [‐0.26, 0.32]
1.2 Mental state: clinically important change (binary) ‐ 12 months	1	253	Risk Ratio (M‐H, Random, 95% CI)	0.99 [0.77, 1.28]
1.3 Psychiatric hospital admissions ‐ 12 months	1	253	Risk Ratio (M‐H, Fixed, 95% CI)	5.15 [0.67, 39.57]
1.3.1 Number of participants admitted to hospital (up to 12 months)	1	253	Risk Ratio (M‐H, Fixed, 95% CI)	5.15 [0.67, 39.57]