Skip to main content
. 2024 May 7;2024(5):CD009531. doi: 10.1002/14651858.CD009531.pub3

Mishra 2017.

Study characteristics
Methods Results are reported in two separate papers and we have assumed these are from the same study but pertaining to two distinct subgroups (people with schizophrenia and bipolar diagnoses).
Allocation: simple randomisation
Design: prospective RCT, single centre
Duration: 6 months
Date of study: none specified
Country: India
Setting: outpatient department of psychiatry in a tertiary care hospital
Recruitment method: Patients who visited the psychiatry outpatient department, of either sex, aged 18 years, treated for schizophrenia and literate were recruited.
Masking: none described
Participants Inclusion criteria: patients who visited the psychiatry outpatient department, of either sex, over 18 and with a diagnosis of schizophrenia or bipolar and literate
Exclusion criteria: people with comorbidities seen in other departments
Number randomised to intervention and control: 101 enrolled
Number completed study: 96
Age: not reported as means for both studies and unclearly reported as age category by sex
Sex: intervention 25 (26%); control 22 (23%) female
Diagnosis: diagnosed with schizophrenia (26 enrolled, 23 completed) or bipolar (75 enrolled, 73 completed)
Ethnicity: not reported
Any significant differences between intervention and control groups? no statistically significant baseline demographic or clinical differences between the groups
Please note – bipolar paper demographics do not add up correctly.
Interventions Type of collaborative care: B
Description of intervention:
Intervention name: pharmacist‐psychiatrist collaborative care
Contains 3 elements of collaborative care:
  1. A multi‐professional approach to patient care: no collaboration with primary care

  2. A structured management plan: yes, medication review, patient and carer education sessions. These covered awareness of medication prescribed, disease, importance of adherence and how this impacts on quality of life. Motivational techniques used to encourage adherence in patients and carers.

  3. Scheduled patient follow‐ups: yes, 3 scheduled appointments

  4. Enhanced interprofessional communication: none


Control group:
Usual care, not described
Outcomes Measures taken at: 1 month, 2 months, 3 months – unclear, no baseline reported – assume 1 month means baseline
Primary outcome: not specified
  • Medication adherence (Morisky Medication Adherence Scale ‐ MMAS) (1 month, 2 months, 3 months)

  • Medication adherence (Medication Adherence Rating Scale ‐ MARS) (1 month, 2 months, 3 months)


Unable to use:
  • Quality of life (World Health Organization Quality of Life brief instrument WHOQOL‐BREF) (1 month, 2 months, 3 months) ‐ total score excluded from analysis ‐ see notes below

Notes The review team have made the assumption that follow‐up 1 is baseline data, and follow‐up 3 is at 2 months.
We have also pooled the outcome data from the two papers.
Pharmacists appear to be providing intervention and completing measures (bias).
WHOQOL‐BREF: We excluded this outcome as it was unclear how the authors derived the overall score, as they did not simply use the overall quality of life question in the WHOQOL‐BREF, and we did not receive any clarification from the authors. As a result, we concluded that this outcome would not be comparable with other reported overall quality of life measures.