Fig. 1.

The morphology of microglial and astrocytic structures in the amygdala. Schematic drawings of the common morphological microglial and astrocytic structures including representative immunostained images of these morphological subtypes in the amygdala. Morphological nomenclature is stated as derived from the previous papers [64–67]. Immunostaining was performed with microglial marker Iba1 for images a-i and with astrocytic marker GFAP for images j-m. Homeostatic microglia have a small soma and long complex processes as shown in a control donor (a) and a pure DLB case (b). Reactive microglia show a larger soma with retracted and fewer processes as demonstrated in a mixed DLB + AD (c) and pure AD (d) case. Amoeboid microglia typically lack processes and have a large soma, here demonstrated in a pure AD (e) and control donor (f). Rod-like microglia are characterized by a long thin soma with long extended processes, shown here in a pure DLB case (g) and a control donor (h). Clustered microglia are characterized by the proximity of multiple microglial somas, and mostly consist of amoeboid and reactive microglial cells. An example of a large microglial cluster is shown in a pure AD case (i). Normal physiologic astrocytes have a small cell soma with long, thin and complex processes as shown in a pure DLB case (j) and a control donor (k). Reactive astrocytes have a larger cell soma with short, retracted and large processes as shown in a pure AD case (l, m). Scale bar represents 50 μm in each image