Table 2.

Soil fluxes of methane and nitrous oxide (in kilograms per hectare per year) from tidal wetlands paired with adjacent mangroves and saltmarshes and compared with global data.

Study site	Ecosystem	Condition	Climate	Methane fluxes	Nitrous oxide fluxes	Reference
Insulator Creek, Australia	Melaleuca	Natural	Tropical	0.73 to 2.2	−0.73 to 2.6	Iram et al. 2022
	Saltmarsh			0.29 to 0.51	0.8 to 1.6
	Mangroves			6.0 to 8.6	−0.08 to 0.22
Ninds Creek, Australia	Melaleuca	Restored	Tropical	−3.5 to 2.2	−1.1 to 0	This study
		Natural		−1.8 to 1.1	−0.73 to 0.37
	Mangroves	Natural		2.6 to 8.8	0 to 1.8
Yandina Creek, Australia	Melaleuca	Natural	Subtropical	−0.73 to 2.9	−1.1 to 0.73	Iram et al. 2022
	Saltmarsh	Restored		2.9	−0.73 to 0.73
	Mangroves			43.8	−1.5 to 29
Mornington Peninsula, Australia	Melaleuca	Natural	Temperate	−3.0 to −1.9	0.07 to 0.26	Livesley and Andrusiak 2012
	Saltmarsh			0.15 to 0.37	−0.15 to 0.22
	Mangroves			0.07 to 5.5	−0.07 to 0.26
Papua, Indonesia	Peat swamp	Natural	Tropical	11.2 to 16.8	1.5 to 8.9	Swails et al. 2021
Global	Mangroves		Global	−3.7 to 4266		Al-Haj and Fulweiler 2020
	Saltmarsh			−5.4 to 5511
	Seagrass			0.07 to 23
	Mangroves		Global	−2.6 to 39	−6.2 to 17	Rosentreter et al. 2021

Note: Positive fluxes are emissions, and negative ones are uptakes.