Figure 4.

Urinary biomarkers of epithelial cell injury are higher and biomarkers of kidney health are lower during nephrotoxic antibiotics.

Box plots demonstrate that concentrations of kidney injury biomarkers, NGAL and KIM-1, are elevated during antibiotic treatment and return to baseline levels two weeks after completing of antibiotics. Concentrations of the kidney health biomarkers, EGF and uromodulin, are decreased during antibiotic treatment. Urinary biomarker concentrations are normalized for urinary creatinine to account for dilution of urinary samples.