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. 2024 Apr 24;15:1384198. doi: 10.3389/fphar.2024.1384198

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Copyright © 2024 Fernández-Pereira, Penedo, Alonso-Núñez, Rivera-Baltanás, Viéitez, Prieto-González, Vilariño-Vilariño, Olivares, Ortolano and Agís-Balboa.

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Protein plasma levels of IGF proteins (ng/mL) and inflammatory markers (pg/mL) in BD patients before starting treatment at hospital admission (BD0, n = 10) and after treatment at hospital discharge (BD1, n = 10). (A) IGF-2 (ng/ml), (B) IGFBP-1 (ng/ml), (C) IGFBP-3 (ng/ml), (D) IGFBP-5 (ng/ml), (E) IGFBP-7 (ng/ml), (F) MCP-1 (pg/ml), (G) MIP-1β (pg/ml) and (H) TNF-α (pg/ml) plasma levels were compared. C, healthy control; BD, bipolar disorder; IGF, insulin-like growth factor; IGFBP, insulin-like growth factor-binding protein; MCP-1, monocyte chemoattractant protein 1; MIP-1β, macrophage inflammatory protein 1 beta; TNF-α, tumor necrosis factor alpha. * p-value < 0.05.