Table 2.
Multivariate-adjusted HRs and 95% CIs of MVPA and ST for incident FD.
| Variables | Number of events per participants | Incidence rate per 1,000 PY | Model 1 | Model 2 | Model 3 | ||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| HR | (95% CI) | p | HR | (95% CI) | p | HR | (95% CI) | p | |||
| All participants (n = 7,480) | |||||||||||
| MVPA | |||||||||||
| Low (<600 METs·min/wk) | 385/1921 | 64.2 | 1.00 | (Ref.) | 1.00 | (Ref.) | 1.00 | (Ref.) | |||
| Moderate (600–3,000 METs·min/wk) | 412/3512 | 35.1 | 0.59 | (0.51–0.68) | <0.001 | 0.74 | (0.64–0.85) | <0.001 | 0.75 | (0.65–0.86) | <0.001 |
| High (>3,000 METs·min/wk) | 204/2047 | 29.7 | 0.52 | (0.44–0.62) | <0.001 | 0.68 | (0.57–0.81) | <0.001 | 0.68 | (0.57–0.82) | <0.001 |
| 1001/7480 | 40.7 | Trend | <0.001 | Trend | <0.001 | <0.001 | <0.001 | ||||
| ST | |||||||||||
| <180 min/day | 146/1306 | 33.8 | 1.00 | (Ref.) | 1.00 | (Ref.) | 1.00 | (Ref.) | |||
| 180–299 min/day | 204/1788 | 34.2 | 0.95 | (0.77–1.18) | 0.660 | 0.93 | (0.75–1.16) | 0.531 | 0.93 | (0.75–1.15) | 0.518 |
| 300–479 min/day | 269/2070 | 39.5 | 1.03 | (0.84–1.26) | 0.789 | 0.97 | (0.79–1.19) | 0.786 | 0.96 | (0.78–1.17) | 0.669 |
| ≥480 min/day | 382/2316 | 50.9 | 1.25 | (1.03–1.51) | 0.024 | 1.13 | (0.93–1.37) | 0.219 | 1.10 | (0.90–1.33) | 0.351 |
| 1001/7480 | 40.7 | Trend | 0.003 | Trend | 0.073 | Trend | 0.149 | ||||
| Non-frail (n = 5,743) | |||||||||||
| MVPA | |||||||||||
| Low (<600 METs·min/wk) | 146/1108 | 40.0 | 1.00 | (Ref.) | 1.00 | (Ref.) | 1.00 | (Ref.) | |||
| Moderate (600-3000METs·min/wk) | 250/2859 | 25.6 | 0.67 | (0.54–0.82) | <0.001 | 0.70 | (0.57–0.87) | 0.001 | 0.71 | (0.57–0.87) | 0.001 |
| High (>3,000 METs·min/wk) | 158/1776 | 26.3 | 0.72 | (0.57–0.90) | 0.004 | 0.76 | (0.61–0.96) | 0.020 | 0.77 | (0.61–0.97) | 0.026 |
| 554/5743 | 28.5 | Trend | 0.008 | Trend | 0.032 | Trend | 0.037 | ||||
| ST | |||||||||||
| <180 min/day | 87/1044 | 24.7 | 1.00 | (Ref.) | 1.00 | (Ref.) | 1.00 | (Ref.) | |||
| 180–299 min/day | 129/1435 | 26.4 | 0.99 | (0.75–1.30) | 0.922 | 0.94 | (0.72–1.24) | 0.673 | 0.93 | (0.71–1.23) | 0.610 |
| 300–479 min/day | 146/1597 | 27.0 | 0.95 | (0.73–1.24) | 0.720 | 0.91 | (0.70–1.20) | 0.512 | 0.91 | (0.69–1.19) | 0.469 |
| ≥480 min/day | 192/1667 | 34.3 | 1.14 | (0.89–1.47) | 0.304 | 1.10 | (0.85–1.43) | 0.459 | 1.07 | (0.83–1.39) | 0.591 |
| 554/5743 | 28.5 | Trend | 0.241 | Trend | 0.329 | Trend | 0.402 | ||||
| Frail (n = 1737) | |||||||||||
| MVPA | |||||||||||
| Low (<600 METs·min/wk) | 239/813 | 101.8 | 1.00 | (Ref.) | 1.00 | (Ref.) | 1.00 | (Ref.) | |||
| Moderate (600-3000METs·min/wk) | 162/653 | 81.5 | 0.81 | (0.67–0.99) | 0.043 | 0.73 | (0.60–0.90) | 0.004 | 0.74 | (0.60–0.91) | 0.005 |
| High (>3,000 METs·min/wk) | 46/271 | 53.5 | 0.55 | (0.40–0.76) | <0.001 | 0.50 | (0.36–0.69) | <0.001 | 0.51 | (0.37–0.71) | <0.001 |
| 447/1737 | 86.0 | Trend | <0.001 | Trend | <0.001 | Trend | <0.001 | ||||
| ST | |||||||||||
| <180 min/day | 59/262 | 73.6 | 1.00 | (Ref.) | 1.00 | (Ref.) | 1.00 | (Ref.) | |||
| 180–299 min/day | 75/353 | 69.6 | 0.91 | (0.65–1.28) | 0.596 | 0.84 | (0.59–1.19) | 0.317 | 0.84 | (0.59–1.20) | 0.345 |
| 300–479 min/day | 123/473 | 87.4 | 1.05 | (0.77–1.44) | 0.753 | 1.02 | (0.74–1.41) | 0.905 | 0.98 | (0.71–1.35) | 0.906 |
| ≥480 min/day | 190/649 | 99.5 | 1.18 | (0.88–1.58) | 0.269 | 1.16 | (0.86–1.57) | 0.348 | 1.10 | (0.81–1.50) | 0.526 |
| 447/1737 | 86.0 | Trend | 0.088 | Trend | 0.075 | Trend | 0.174 | ||||
Model 1: Adjusted for baseline age and sex.
Model 2: Adjusted for variables in Model 1 plus district, living situation, marital status, education, equivalent income, body mass index, hypertension, dyslipidemia, heart disease, stroke, diabetes mellitus, cancer, alcohol drinking status, smoking status, lower-back pain, knee pain, and frailty.
Model 3: For MVPA, adjusted for variables in Model 2 plus ST. For ST, adjusted for variables in Model 2 plus MVPA.
In stratified analyses for participants with/without frailty status, frailty was excluded from covariates.
CI = confidence interval; FD = functional disability; HR = hazard ratio; METs = metabolic equivalents; MVPA = moderate-to-vigorous physical activity; PY = person-years; ST = sedentary time.