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. 2023 Dec 9;116(5):711–716. doi: 10.1093/jnci/djad256

Table 2.

Risk of lung cancer death, by baseline smoking statusa

Never vs ever smokers Never vs former smokers Never vs current smokers
HR (95% CI) HR (95% CI) HR (95% CI)
Total 0.14 (0.12 to 0.16) 0.22 (0.19 to 0.26) 0.08 (0.07 to 0.09)
Sex
 Men 0.19 (0.15 to 0.23) 0.30 (0.24 to 0.38) 0.10 (0.08 to 0.12)
 Women 0.11 (0.09 to 0.13) 0.17 (0.14 to 0.21) 0.07 (0.05 to 0.08)
Race and ethnicity
 Black 0.12 (0.09 to 0.17) 0.19 (0.12 to 0.28) 0.09 (0.06 to 0.12)
 Hispanic 0.48 (0.30 to 0.75) 0.69 (0.38 to 1.22) 0.30 (0.18 to 0.50)
 White 0.11 (0.09 to 0.13) 0.19 (0.16 to 0.23) 0.06 (0.05 to 0.07)
 Other racial groupsb 0.46 (0.24 to 0.87) 0.71 (0.34 to 1.49) 0.28 (0.13 to 0.61)
Age, y
 30-49 0.31 (0.19 to 0.53) 0.63 (0.35 to 1.16) 0.22 (0.12 to 0.39)
 50-69 0.15 (0.12 to 0.18) 0.27 (0.21 to 0.34) 0.08 (0.07 to 0.10)
 70-79 0.11 (0.09 to 0.14) 0.16 (0.13 to 0.21) 0.06 (0.05 to 0.07)
a

Model used age as the time scale and adjusted for sex, race and ethnicity, and education level.

b

“Other” include individuals who identify as Asian, Pacific Islander, American Indian, or Alaska Native.