Table 1.
Characteristics of the 5–17-year-old child sample compared by their household food security status (n 23 261)
| Characteristics | Total sample (n 23 261) | Food secure (n 12 832) | Food insecure (n 5293) | |||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Weighted % or mean | se | Weighted % or mean | se | Weighted % or mean | se | |
| Child gender | ||||||
| Male | 51·1 | 77·8 | 22·2 | |||
| Female | 48·9 | 76·9 | 23·1 | |||
| Child age (years) | 10·6 | 0·03 | 10·6 | 0·04 | 10·6 | 0·06 |
| Child ethnicity | ||||||
| Mestizo (ethnic majority group) | 82·1 | 81·0 | 19·0* | |||
| Ethnic minority (Indigenous, Afro-descendant) | 17·9 | 60·5 | 39·5 | |||
| Maternal education | ||||||
| Primary school or less | 51·4 | 70·6 | 29·4* | |||
| Secondary school or greater | 48·6 | 84·5 | 15·5 | |||
| Low household assets | ||||||
| Yes | 54·0 | 78·0 | 22·0** | |||
| No | 46·0 | 76·6 | 23·4 | |||
| Residence location | ||||||
| Urban area | 61·0 | 81·2 | 18·8* | |||
| Rural area | 39·0 | 71·2 | 28·8 | |||
| Region | ||||||
| Andean highland region | 29·9 | 80·9 | 19·1* | |||
| Pacific coastal plain region | 32·8 | 78·4 | 21·6 | |||
| Amazonian region | 32·1 | 69·9 | 30·1 | |||
| Insular (Galapagos Islands) region | 5·2 | 96·1 | 3·9 | |||
| Any oral health problems | 38·5 | 36·4 | 45·6 | |||
| Any oral health care visits in past 12 months† | 53·9 | 55·1 | 49·6* | |||
| Brushes teeth > 2 times/d | 75·5 | 77·5 | 68·6 | |||
| Uses toothpaste when brushing teeth‡ | 98·5 | 98·6 | 98·2 | |||
| Highly fermentable carbohydrate food intake frequency§ | 1·5 | 0·01 | 1·6 | 0·01 | 1·4 | 0·02* |
| Processed snack foods intake frequency‖ | 1·6 | 0·02 | 1·7 | 0·02 | 1·5 | 0·03* |
| Fast food intake frequency¶ | 2·0 | 0·02 | 2·1 | 0·02 | 1·8 | 0·03* |
| Sweetened beverages intake frequency†† | 1·0 | 0·01 | 1·0 | 0·01 | 0·9 | 0·02* |
| Plain water intake‡‡ | 3·8 | 0·02 | 4·0 | 0·02 | 2·6 | 0·04* |
P = 0·0001.
P = 0·001.
Survey did not provide information on reason(s) for the visit so it is uncertain whether it was for a routine check-up, dental cleaning or other prophylaxis (e.g. topical fluoride application), or treatment of caries, extractions or other existing disease.
Survey did not collect data on whether toothpaste contained fluoride or not.
Days that child consumed any sweetened beverages, processed or fast foods during past week.
Days child consumed any processed snack foods such as cookies, crackers, candies, chocolates, corn-based snacks, potato chips and other processed foods during past week.
Days child consumed any fast foods such as French fries, hamburgers, tacos, hot dogs, pizza, French fries with pieces of hot dogs, sausages, other toppings) purchased from fast food establishments during the past week.
Days child consumed sweetened beverages such as soft drinks, energy drinks, or processed fruit juice during past week.
Number of glasses/d child consumed plain water without any colorants, sweeteners or flavours during past week.