Table 3.
Nutritional intakes and adequacy prevalence for infants and young children according to age group
| Nutrients | >6–12 months ; n 94 | >12–24 months ; n 252 | ||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Intakes | Recommendations (AMDR range) AI, EAR (source) | Adequacy prevalence* (%) | Intakes | Recommendations (AMDR range) AI, EAR (source) | Adequacy prevalence*(%) | |||
| Mean | sd | Mean | sd | |||||
| Energy (kcal) | 939·6 | 236·0 | 593·0–708·0‡ (EFSA 2013) | 95·7 | 1122·8 | 287·2 | 765·0–987·0‡ (EFSA 2013) | 79·4 |
| Fat (g/E %†) | 44·4 | 13·4 | 45–50 (EFSA 2019) | 27·7 | 42·7 | 13·4 | 35–40 (EFSA 2019) | 24·2 |
| MUFA (g/E %†) | 18·3 | 8·1 | – | – | 16·1 | 7·0 | – | – |
| PUFA (g/E %†) | 5·1 | 1·5 | – | – | 5·3 | 2·4 | – | – |
| SFA (g/E %†) | 19·1 | 4·8 | – | – | 18·5 | 5·8 | – | – |
| Protein (g/E %†) | 27·5 | 12·3 | 7–15 (ANSES 2016) | 79·8 | 43·0 | 15·1 | 6–15 (ANSES 2016) | 54·0 |
| Carbohydrates (g/E %†) | 106·0 | 28·9 | 40–50 (EFSA 2019) | 31·9 | 138·0 | 43·4 | 45–60 (EFSA 2019) | 63·5 |
| Fibre (g) | 6·0 | 3·0 | 6·0 (EFSA 2010) | 41·5 | 8·7 | 3·1 | 10·0 (EFSA 2019) | 25·8 |
| Ca (mg) | 749·8 | 316·2 | 280·0 (EFSA 2019) | 100·0 | 882·1 | 345·1 | 450·0‡ (EFSA 2019) | 90·9 |
| Cu (mg) | 0·7 | 0·5 | 0·4 (EFSA 2019) | 93·6 | 0·8 | 0·5 | 0·7 (EFSA 2019) | 55·6 |
| Iodine (µg) | 172·8 | 111·5 | 70·0 (EFSA 2019) | 86·2 | 217·5 | 151·3 | 90·0 (EFSA 2019) | 90·1 |
| Fe (mg) | 5·2 | 3·5 | 8‡ (EFSA 2019) | 19·1 | 5·8 | 3·3 | 7·0‡ (EFSA 2019) | 25·4 |
| Mg (mg) | 109·6 | 45·1 | 80 (EFSA 2019) | 71·3 | 178·4 | 69·0 | 170·0 (EFSA 2019) | 46·0 |
| Mn (mg) | 0·9 | 2·2 | 0·5 (EFSA 2019) | 42·6 | 1·3 | 1·2 | 0·5 (EFSA 2019) | 89·7 |
| Phosphorus (mg) | 557·6 | 273·9 | 160 (EFSA 2019) | 98·9 | 875·3 | 343·5 | 250·0 (EFSA 2019) | 98·8 |
| Potassium (mg) | 1273·5 | 487·1 | 750 (EFSA 2019) | 81·9 | 1878·5 | 641·3 | 800·0 (EFSA 2019) | 98·4 |
| Se (µg) | 36·4 | 15·0 | 15 (EFSA 2019) | 98·9 | 55·6 | 23·4 | 15·0 (EFSA 2019) | 100·0 |
| Na (mg) | 1574·6 | 2267·7 | 200 (EFSA 2019) | 94·7 | 2421·0 | 3119·3 | 1100·0 (EFSA 2019) | 49·2 |
| Zn (mg) | 4·7 | 2·0 | 2·4‡ (EFSA 2019) | 89·4 | 5·8 | 1·9 | 4·3‡ (EFSA 2019) | 75·0 |
| Retinol (µg) | 618·3 | 415·8 | 190·0‡ (EFSA 2019) | 100·0 | 469·4 | 401·6 | 205·0‡ (EFSA 2019) | 88·5 |
| Vitamin C (mg) | 74·4 | 29·2 | 50 (IOM 2000) | 76·6 | 66·7 | 38·5 | 15·0‡ (EFSA 2019) | 96·4 |
| Vitamin D (µg) | 6·3 | 4·7 | 10·0 (EFSA 2019) | 21·3 | 4·9 | 3·8 | 15·0 (EFSA 2019) | 1·6 |
| Vitamin E (mg) | 6·4 | 4·0 | 5·0 (EFSA 2019) | 58·5 | 6·4 | 3·7 | 6·0 (EFSA 2019) | 42·5 |
| Thiamine (mg) | 0·6 | 0·3 | 0·2‡ (EFSA 2019) | 94·7 | 0·8 | 0·3 | 0·3‡ (EFSA 2019) | 96·8 |
| Riboflavin (mg) | 1·1 | 0·5 | 0·4 (EFSA 2019) | 95·7 | 1·5 | 0·6 | 0·5‡ (EFSA 2019) | 97·2 |
| Niacin (mg) | 5·1 | 2·8 | 3·5‡ (EFSA 2019) | 63·8 | 7·1 | 3·4 | 4·5‡ (EFSA 2019) | 72·6 |
| Pantothenic acid (mg) | 2·8 | 1·6 | 3·0 (EFSA 2019) | 41·5 | 4·2 | 1·7 | 4·0 (EFSA 2019) | 51·6 |
| Pyridoxine (mg) | 0·7 | 0·3 | 0·3 (EFSA 2019) | 87·2 | 1·0 | 0·3 | 0·5‡ (EFSA 2019) | 92·1 |
| Folate (µg) | 145·1 | 66·6 | 80·0 (EFSA 2019) | 81·9 | 188·6 | 63·3 | 90·0‡ (EFSA 2019) | 95·6 |
| Cobalamin (µg) | 2·0 | 1·9 | 1·5 (EFSA 2019) | 54·3 | 3·1 | 2·1 | 1·5 (EFSA 2019) | 83·3 |
AMDR, acceptable macronutrient distribution range; AI, adequate intake, that is, covers the needs of all healthy individuals in the considered groups (a specific age, sex and life stage) but lack of data or uncertainty in the data prevent specifying with confidence the percentage of individuals covered by this intake; EAR, estimated average requirement, that is,. amount of a nutrient that is estimated to meet the requirement for a specific criterion of adequacy for half of the healthy individuals of a specific age, sex and life stage; RDA, Recommended Dietary Allowance, that is, average daily dietary intake level (sufficient to meet the nutrient requirements of nearly all (97–98 %)) healthy individuals in a group.
Measure of the percentage of individuals in the sample who meet recommendations for the given nutrient.
Intakes are in grams and recommendations in energy percentage.
EAR used as recommendation ((AMDR) or AI otherwise).