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. 2024 Apr 8;16(4):e57860. doi: 10.7759/cureus.57860

Figure 3. Excess mortality for each cancer type during the pandemic in 2020, 2021, and 2022.

Figure 3

Excess mortality = (observed AMR − predicted AMR) / predicted AMR * 100 (%).

Predicted AMRs based on the 2010–2019 period preceding the pandemic were calculated using logistic regression. The ⁑ symbol signifies >99% upper PI, * >95% upper PI, and †<95% lower PI.

As shown on the far left, excess mortality from all cancers was observed in 2021 and 2022, each over the 95% or 99% upper PI. Of the 20 types of cancers, five showed significant excess mortality: these were ovarian cancer, leukemia, prostate, lip/oral/pharyngeal, and pancreatic cancers, in decreasing order of 2022 figures. Breast cancer had significant deficit mortality in 2020 and 2021, which then shifted to excess mortality, though without statistical significance.