Fig 5.

Forest plot showing adjusted hazard ratios of cardiovascular disease and kidney outcomes comparing second line antidiabetic treatments from the instrumental variable analysis to reduce the risk of confounding, and with multiple imputation to account for missing data, which assumes data are missing at random. . CI=confidence interval; MACE=major adverse cardiovascular event (composite for the earliest of myocardial infarction, stroke, or cardiovascular death); eGFR=estimated glomerular filtration rate; DPP-4=dipeptidyl peptidase-4; SGLT-2=sodium-glucose cotransporter 2