Table 6.
Mean (± SD) values of physiological variables for the three groups
| Variables | Group | Before | After | % change | p (Cohen’s d) | ||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Main effect group |
Main effect time |
Interaction group x time |
|||||
| Vital capacity (mL) | BWRTG | 2919 ± 476.07 | 3725 ± 389.16 | 27.61 | 0.012 (0.82) |
< 0.001 (3.19) |
< 0.001 (1.44) |
| KRTG | 3057.5 ± 308.34 | 4035 ± 391.59 | 31.97 | ||||
| CG | 3072.5 ± 451.16 | 3330 ± 478.04 | 8.38 | ||||
| Resting heart rate (bpm) | BWRTG | 75.2 ± 3.74 | 69.95 ± 3.82 | -6.98 | 0.013 (0.81) |
< 0.001 (2.13) |
< 0.001 (1.29) |
| KRTG | 73.9 ± 3.51 | 70.8 ± 4.25 | -4.19 | ||||
| CG | 75.65 ± 3.01 | 74.9 ± 3.51 | -0.99 | ||||
| Mean arterial blood pressure (mmHg) | BWRTG | 97.93 ± 2.61 | 96.76 ± 2.36 | -1.19 | 0.736 (0.21) | 0.884 (0.00) | 0.133 (0.54) |
| KRTG | 97.98 ± 2.59 | 97.88 ± 2.44 | -0.10 | ||||
| CG | 96.96 ± 3.70 | 98.46 ± 4.57 | 1.55 | ||||
| Breath holding time (s) | BWRTG | 35.85 ± 3.76 | 54.5 ± 8.91 | 52.02 | < 0.001 (1.28) |
< 0.001 (3.05) |
< 0.001 (1.69) |
| KRTG | 36.9 ± 4.38 | 51.35 ± 8.77 | 39.16 | ||||
| CG | 36.95 ± 3.98 | 39.85 ± 5.45 | 7.85 | ||||
| Respiratory rate (numbers) | BWRTG | 33.3 ± 3.33 | 27.25 ± 3.39 | -18.17 | < 0.001 (1.15) |
< 0.001 (1.71) |
< 0.001 (1.49) |
| KRTG | 32 ± 4.23 | 28.8 ± 3.46 | -10.00 | ||||
| CG | 34.2 ± 4.48 | 34.5 ± 3.90 | 0.88 | ||||
Data are mean values (± SD), BWRTG: body weight resistance training trained group KRTG: Kettlebell training group, CG: control group