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. 2024 Apr 2;15(5):e00519-24. doi: 10.1128/mbio.00519-24

Fig 1.

Images A through D depict P. aeruginosa persistence in the respiratory tracts of people with CF after starting ETI. Highlighted on the tree are potential instances of new P. aeruginosa infections post-ETI.

Clonal populations of P. aeruginosa persist throughout the respiratory tract of adults with CF following initiation of highly effective modulator therapy. (A) Total bacterial load is lower in most participants’ post-ETI samples compared to pre-ETI. *P < 0.05 (mixed effects linear regression). (B) Relative abundance of Pseudomonas spp. is reduced post-ETI, but remains detectable in all but one study participant. *P < 0.05 (mixed effects linear regression). (C) The same P. aeruginosa clones present pre-ETI persist post-ETI. Core genome phylogeny of metagenome-assembled P. aeruginosa genomes from seven individuals. The reference strains PAO1 and PA14 are included as representatives of Clade I and Clade II P. aeruginosa strains, respectively. Colored shading indicates instances where a single study participant’s P. aeruginosa does not form a monophyletic clade. Dates are the year and month the sample was collected. (D) Richness and evenness of genetic variants in P. aeruginosa populations is unchanged post-ETI. Top = single nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) richness. Bottom = Pieleou’s evenness. n.s. = not significant (P > 0.05 by mixed effects linear regression).