Table 1. Characteristics of the study population according to sex.

	Men N = 27,294		Women N = 31,478		P
	N (%)
Age, years
35–49	6,383	(23.4)	8,057	(25.6)	<0.001 a
50–59	8,993	(33.0)	11,031	(35.0)
60–69	11,918	(43.7)	12,390	(39.4)
Years of education (≥16 years)	7,644	(36.1)	2,486	(10.9)	<0.001 a
Current smoker	8,201	(30.1)	2,032	(6.5)	<0.001 a
Current alcohol drinker	20,897	(76.6)	11,266	(35.8)	<0.001 a
Obese (BMI ≥25.0 kg/m2)	8,236	(30.2)	5,922	(18.8)	<0.001 a
Daily activity (≥15.0 METs·h/day)	8,637	(31.7)	9,506	(30.3)	<0.001 a
Habitual exercise (≥2.19 METs·h/day)	8,126	(30.7)	8,136	(27.0)	<0.001 a
Hypertension	16,577	(60.7)	14,684	(46.7)	<0.001 a
Glucose intolerance	8,299	(30.4)	6,617	(21.0)	<0.001 a
Dyslipidemia	11,555	(42.3)	8,638	(27.4)	<0.001 a
Food intake
Beef and pork (≥3 times/week)	7,709	(28.3)	13,318	(42.4)	<0.001 a
Green & yellow vegetable (≥3 times/week)	11,553	(42.4)	17,873	(56.9)	<0.001 a
Fruits (≥3 times/week)	6,763	(24.8)	13,910	(44.2)	<0.001 a
Cake (≥1 time/week)	4,939	(18.3)	8,506	(27.3)	<0.001 a
Japanese cake (≥1 times/week)	7,447	(27.3)	15,204	(48.3)	<0.001 a
Awareness of limiting food intake
Energy	9,219	(33.8)	12,379	(39.3)	<0.001 a
Fat	10,306	(37.8)	14,485	(46.0)	<0.001 a
Sweets	9,176	(33.6)	10,758	(34.2)	0.155 a
Three awareness (Yes) responses	6,567	(24.1)	8,679	(27.6)	<0.001 a
One to three awareness (Yes) responses	12,775	(46.8)	16,438	(52.2)	<0.001 a
	Mean (SD)
Nutritional intake
Energy, kcal/day	1,939.0	(356.1)	1,553.7	(230.6)	<0.001 b
Fat, g/day	42.6	(11.0)	44.8	(10.8)	<0.001 b

BMI, body mass index; MET, metabolic equivalent of task; SD, standard deviation.

^aP values obtained using χ² test.

^bP values obtained using t-test.