Table 1.
Patient’s background characteristics
| Non-conversion (n = 3103) | Indicated conversion (n = 27) | Technical conversion (n = 35) | |
|---|---|---|---|
| Age (years) | 64.5 (12.0) | 60.9 (13.8) | 65.4 (12.0) |
| Sex (n, %) | |||
| Male | 1960 (98.0) | 21 (1.1) | 18 (0.9) |
| Female | 1143 (98.0) | 6 (0.5) | 17 (1.5) |
| BMI (kg/m2) | 22.6 (3.5) | 22.6 (3.9) | 23.5 (3.8) |
| ASA (n, %) | |||
| 1 | 937 (97.5) | 9 (0.9) | 15 (1.6) |
| 2 | 1870 (98.3) | 15 (0.8) | 17 (0.9) |
| 3 | 227 (98.2) | 2 (0.9) | 2 (0.9) |
| 4 | 3 (100) | 0 | 0 |
| Unknown | 66 (97.1) | 1(1.5) | 1(1.5) |
| Preoperative treatment (n, %) | |||
| + | 722 (98.4) | 7 (0.9) | 5 (0.7) |
| − | 2381 (98.0) | 20 (0.8) | 30 (1.2) |
| Detail of preoperative treatment (n, %) | |||
| CRT | 323 (98.8) | 0 | 4 (1.2) |
| TNT | 121 (99.2) | 1 (0.8) | 0 |
| NAC | 276 (97.5) | 6 (2.1) | 1 (0.4) |
| Others | 2 (100) | 0 | 0 |
| None | 2381 (98.0) | 20 (0.8) | 30 (1.2) |
| Preoperative obstruction (n, %) | |||
| + | 148 (95.5) | 4 (2.6) | 3 (1.9) |
| - | 2955 (98.2) | 23 (0.8) | 32 (1.1) |
| Diameter of tumor (mm) | 44.0 (18.5) | 62.1 (19.4) | 49.8 (15.7) |
| Tumor location (n, %) | |||
| RS | 972 (97.6) | 11 (1.1) | 13 (1.3) |
| Ra | 1004 (97.6) | 11 (1.1) | 14 (1.3) |
| Rb | 1122 (98.9) | 5 (0.4) | 8 (0.7) |
| Unknown | 5(100) | 0 | 0 |
| cStage (n, %) | |||
| II | 1407 (98.7) | 7 (0.5) | 11 (0.8) |
| III | 1696 (97.5) | 20 (1.1) | 24 (1.4) |
| cT (n, %) | |||
| 1 | 36 (100) | 0 | 0 |
| 2 | 161 (100) | 0 | 0 |
| 3 | 2313 (98.8) | 9 (0.4) | 19 (0.8) |
| 4a | 438 (94.6) | 11 (2.4) | 14 (3.0) |
| 4b | 153 (94.5) | 7 (4.3) | 2 (1.2) |
| Unknown | 2 (100) | 0 | 0 |
| cN (n, %) | |||
| N0 | 1407 (98.7) | 7 (0.5) | 11 (0.8) |
| N1 | 1174 (98.0) | 8 (0.7) | 16 (1.3) |
| N2 | 347 (96.1) | 8 (2.2) | 6 (1.7) |
| N3 | 175 (96.7) | 4 (2.2) | 2 (1.1) |
| Surgical procedure (n, %) | |||
| HAR | 610 (97.9) | 6 (1.0) | 7 (1.1) |
| LAR | 1768 (97.9) | 17 (0.9) | 21 (1.2) |
| ISR | 197 (98.0) | 2 (1.0) | 2 (1.0) |
| Hartmann | 99 (96.1) | 2 (1.9) | 2 (1.9) |
| APR | 429 (99.3) | 0 | 3 (0.7) |
| Diverting Stoma (n, %) | |||
| + | 1013 (98.0) | 13 (1.2) | 8 (0.8) |
| - | 2090 (98.0) | 14 (0.7) | 27 (1.3) |
| Combined resection of adjacent organs (n, %) | |||
| + | 121 (89.6) | 9 (6.7) | 5 (3.7) |
| - | 2982 (98.4) | 18 (0.6) | 30 (1.0) |
| LN dissection (n, %) | |||
| D0 | 5 (100) | 0 | 0 |
| D1 | 7(100) | 0 | 0 |
| D2 | 265 (99.2) | 1 (0.4) | 1 (0.4) |
| D3 | 2826 (97.9) | 26 (0.9) | 34 (1.2) |
| IMA high ligation (n, %) | |||
| + | 2296 (98.2) | 22 (0.9) | 22 (0.9) |
| - | 803 (97.8) | 5 (0.6) | 13 (1.6) |
| Unknown | 4 (100) | 0 | 0 |
| Lateral LN dissection (n, %) | |||
| + | 554 (97.7) | 6 (1.1) | 7 (1.2) |
| − | 2549 (98.1) | 21 (0.8) | 28 (1.1) |
| Mobilization of SF (n, %) | |||
| + | 277 (97.5) | 4 (1.4) | 3 (1.1) |
| - | 2763 (98.7) | 19 (0.7) | 18 (0.6) |
| Unknown | 63 (77.8) | 4 (4.9) | 14 (17.3) |
| Registered case number of the institution | |||
| 127 (131) | 99 (86) | 67 (50) | |
| Institution type (n, %) | |||
| Not University hospital | 1612 (97.2) | 19 (1.2) | 27 (1.6) |
| University hospital | 1491 (99.0) | 8 (0.5) | 8 (0.5) |
| ESSQS (n, %) | |||
| + | 2596 (98.9) | 15 (0.6) | 13 (0.5) |
| − | 507 (93.7) | 12 (2.2) | 22 (4.1) |
BMI body mass index, ASA American Society of Anesthesiologists, CRT chemoradiation therapy, TNT total neoadjuvant therapy, NAC neoadjuvant therapy, HAR high anterior resection, LAR low anterior resection, ISR intersphincteric resection, APR abdominoperineal resection, TC total colectomy, IMA inferior mesenteric artery, SF splenic flexure, ESSQS the endoscopic surgical skill qualification system