Table 2.

Summary of OMICs techniques

OMICs layer	Molecular aspect assayed	Name of assay
Genomics	DNA sequence	Sanger Sequencing (Sanger et al. 1977) Whole Genome Sequencing (WGS) (Lionel et al. 2018) Whole Exome Sequencing (WES) (Lee et al. 2014) Microarray-based Genotyping
Epigenomics	DNA methylation	Methylation Microarrays(Chater-Diehl et al. 2021), Reduced Representation Bisulfite Sequencing (RRBS) (Meissner et al. 2008), Whole Genome Bisulfite Sequencing (WGBS) (Olova et al. 2018), Methyl Cytosine sequencing (MethylC-seq) (Lister et al. 2008), Methyl DNA ImmunoPrecipitation analyzed by sequencing (MeDIP-seq) (Down et al. 2008), Methyl-CpG Binding Domain-isolated genomic DNA analyzed by sequencing (MBD-seq) (Serre et al. 2010)
	Genomic coordinates of Histone Post-Translational Modifications or Chromatin-associated proteins	Chromatin ImmunoPrecipitation and Sequencing (ChIP-seq) (Johnson et al. 2007)
	Chromatin Accessibility	DNase-seq (Crawford et al. 2006), Assay for Transposase-Accessible Chromatin with Sequencing (ATAC-seq) (Buenrostro et al. 2013), Formaldehyde-Assisted Isolation of Regulatory Elements and Sequencing (FAIRE-seq) (Giresi et al. 2007), MNase-seq (Chereji et al. 2019)
	Chromatin Conformation	Hi-C(Lieberman-Aiden et al. 2009)
	Chromatin Conformation specific for Chromatin-associated proteins	Chromatin Interaction Analysis with Paired-End-Tag sequencing (ChIA-PET) (Fullwood et al. 2009)
	Genomic coordinates of Histone Post-Translational Modifications or Chromatin-associated proteins	Cleavage Under Targets and Release Using Nuclease (CUT&RUN) (Skene and Henikoff 2017), Cleavage Under Targets and Tagmentation (CUT&Tag) (Kaya-Okur et al. 2019)
Transcriptomics	RNA sequence	Short-read RNA sequencing (Lowe et al. 2017), Pacbio's Long-read Isoform sequencing (ISO-seq) (Leung et al. 2021), Oxford Nanopore's Long-read Sequencing (Wang et al. 2021)
Proteomics	Proteins	Western Blots (Pillai-Kastoori et al. 2020), Flow cytometry(Bendall et al. 2012), Mass Spectrometry (MS) (Yates et al. 2009), Multiplexed ImmunoHistoChemistry (IHC) / ImmunoFluorescence (IF) (Tan et al. 2020), Protein Microarrays(Chandra et al. 2011), SOMAscan, a High-throughput proteomics platform(Kim et al. 2018), Proximity Ligation Assay (PLA) (Weibrecht et al. 2010), Proximity Extension Assay (PEA) (Assarsson et al. 2014)
Metabolomics	Metabolites	Mass Spectrometry (MS) (Perez-Ramirez and Christofk 2021), Nuclear Magnetic Resonance (NMR) (Perez-Ramirez and Christofk 2021), Biochemical assays(Perez-Ramirez and Christofk 2021), Image-based technologies (Perez-Ramirez and Christofk 2021), Cellomics Cellinsight High Content Screening Platform (Ardashov et al. 2019), Cellomics ArrayScan platform (Williams et al. 2006), Opera™ LX (PerkinElmer) automated confocal microscopy system (Rosato et al. 2021)

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