Fig. 2. Polarization of climate change belief, policy support, and action.

The degree of polarization (where higher scores reflect greater polarization), operationalized as the absolute value of the difference between self-reported liberals’ and conservatives’ climate beliefs (Panel A), policy support (Panel B), and action (Panel C), in the control condition (N = 4302). Each country’s means and confidence intervals of these polarization scores for each outcome can be found in Figs. S1–S6.