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. 2024 May 9;14:10616. doi: 10.1038/s41598-024-61125-z

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© The Author(s) 2024

Open Access This article is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License, which permits use, sharing, adaptation, distribution and reproduction in any medium or format, as long as you give appropriate credit to the original author(s) and the source, provide a link to the Creative Commons licence, and indicate if changes were made. The images or other third party material in this article are included in the article's Creative Commons licence, unless indicated otherwise in a credit line to the material. If material is not included in the article's Creative Commons licence and your intended use is not permitted by statutory regulation or exceeds the permitted use, you will need to obtain permission directly from the copyright holder. To view a copy of this licence, visit http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/.

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Chaga mushroom extract suppresses mitochondrial membrane potential in oral cancer cells. (A) Graphical illustration of mitochondrial electron transport chain and oxygen consumption rate (OCR) measurement procedures. OCR was analyzed following consecutive treatments with electron transport chain modulators such as oligomycin, CCCP, and a combination of rotenone and antimycin A. (B) Real-time analysis of OCR in HSC-4 cells after treatment (0, 160, 200, 400, and 800 μg/mL). (C–F) Mitochondrial basal respiration (C), ATP turnover (D), mitochondrial maximal respiration (E), and mitochondrial spare respiratory capacity (F) in HSC-4 cells after treatment (0, 160, 200, 400, and 800 μg/mL). Values represent the mean ± SEM. **p < 0.01 vs. untreated HSC-4 cells.